2 Great are the works of Jehovah; sought out of all that delight in them.
I remember the days of old: I meditate on all thy doing; I muse on the work of thy hands.
How manifold are thy works, O Jehovah! in wisdom hast thou made them all: the earth is full of thy riches.
I will praise thee, for I am fearfully, wonderfully made. Marvellous are thy works; and [that] my soul knoweth right well.
Who hath measured the waters in the hollow of his hand, and meted out the heavens with [his] span, and grasped the dust of the earth in a measure, and weighed the mountains in a balance, and the hills in scales?
Concerning which salvation prophets, who have prophesied of the grace towards you, sought out and searched out; searching what, or what manner of time, the Spirit of Christ which [was] in them pointed out, testifying before of the sufferings which [belonged] to Christ, and the glories after these. To whom it was revealed, that not to themselves but to you they ministered those things, which have now been announced to you by those who have declared to you the glad tidings by [the] Holy Spirit, sent from heaven, which angels desire to look into.
that he might display in the coming ages the surpassing riches of his grace in kindness towards us in Christ Jesus. For ye are saved by grace, through faith; and this not of yourselves; it is God's gift: not on the principle of works, that no one might boast. For we are his workmanship, having been created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God has before prepared that we should walk in them.
For the mind of the flesh [is] death; but the mind of the Spirit life and peace.
And according as they did not think good to have God in [their] knowledge, God gave them up to a reprobate mind to practise unseemly things;
Alas, Lord Jehovah! Behold, thou hast made the heavens and the earth by thy great power and stretched-out arm; there is nothing too hard for thee: who shewest mercy unto thousands, and recompensest the iniquity of the fathers into the bosom of their children after them, thou, the great, the mighty ùGod, -- Jehovah of hosts is his name; great in counsel and mighty in work, whose eyes are open upon all the ways of the children of men, to give every one according to his ways, and according to the fruit of his doings:
Who doeth great things and unsearchable, marvellous things without number;
He that separateth himself seeketh [his] pleasure, he is vehement against all sound wisdom. A fool hath no delight in understanding, but only that his heart may reveal itself.
To what purpose is there a price in the hand of a fool to get wisdom, seeing [he] hath no sense?
My meditation shall be pleasant unto him; I will rejoice in Jehovah.
For thou, Jehovah, hast made me glad through thy work; I will triumph in the works of thy hands. Jehovah, how great are thy works! Thy thoughts are very deep:
Wilt thou draw out the leviathan with the hook, and press down his tongue with a cord? Wilt thou put a rush-rope into his nose, and pierce his jaw with a spike? Will he make many supplications unto thee? or will he speak softly unto thee? Will he make a covenant with thee? wilt thou take him as a bondman for ever? Wilt thou play with him as with a bird, and wilt thou bind him for thy maidens? Shall partners make traffic of him, will they divide him among merchants? Wilt thou fill his skin with darts, and his head with fish-spears? Lay thy hand upon him; remember the battle, -- do no more! Lo, hope as to him is belied: is not one cast down even at the sight of him? None is so bold as to stir him up; and who is he that will stand before me? Who hath first given to me, that I should repay [him]? [Whatsoever is] under the whole heaven is mine. I will not be silent as to his parts, the story of his power, and the beauty of his structure. Who can uncover the surface of his garment? who can come within his double jaws? Who can open the doors of his face? Round about his teeth is terror. The rows of his shields are a pride, shut up together [as with] a close seal. One is so near to another that no air can come between them; They are joined each to its fellow; they stick together, and cannot be sundered. His sneezings flash light, and his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning. Out of his mouth go forth flames; sparks of fire leap out: Out of his nostrils goeth smoke, as out of a boiling pot and cauldron. His breath kindleth coals, and a flame goeth out of his mouth. In his neck lodgeth strength, and terror danceth before him. The flakes of his flesh are joined together: they are fused upon him, they cannot be moved. His heart is firm as a stone, yea, firm as the nether [millstone]. When he raiseth himself up, the mighty are afraid: they are beside themselves with consternation. If any reach him with a sword, it cannot hold; neither spear, nor dart, nor harpoon. He esteemeth iron as straw, bronze as rotten wood. The arrow will not make him flee; slingstones are turned with him into stubble. Clubs are counted as stubble; he laugheth at the shaking of a javelin. His under parts are sharp potsherds: he spreadeth a threshing-sledge upon the mire. He maketh the deep to boil like a pot; he maketh the sea like a pot of ointment; He maketh the path to shine after him: one would think the deep to be hoary. Upon earth there is not his like, who is made without fear. He beholdeth all high things; he is king over all the proud beasts.
And Jehovah answered Job out of the whirlwind and said, Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge? Gird up now thy loins like a man; and I will demand of thee, and inform thou me. Where wast thou when I founded the earth? Declare, if thou hast understanding. Who set the measures thereof -- if thou knowest? or who stretched a line upon it? Whereupon were the foundations thereof sunken? or who laid its corner-stone, When the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy? And who shut up the sea with doors, when it burst forth, issuing out of the womb? When I made the cloud its garment, and thick darkness a swaddling band for it; When I cut out for it my boundary, and set bars and doors, And said, Hitherto shalt thou come and no further, and here shall thy proud waves be stayed? Hast thou since thy days commanded the morning? hast thou caused the dawn to know its place, That it might take hold of the ends of the earth, and the wicked might be shaken out of it? It is changed like the signet-clay; and [all things] stand forth as in a garment: And from the wicked their light is withholden, and the uplifted arm is broken. Hast thou entered as far as the springs of the sea? and hast thou walked in the recesses of the deep? Have the gates of death been revealed unto thee? and hast thou seen the gates of the shadow of death? Hath thine understanding compassed the breadths of the earth? Declare if thou knowest it all. Where is the way to where light dwelleth? and the darkness, where is its place, That thou shouldest take it to its bound, and that thou shouldest know the paths to its house? Thou knowest, for thou wast then born, and the number of thy days is great! Hast thou entered into the storehouses of the snow, and hast thou seen the treasuries of the hail, Which I have reserved for the time of distress, for the day of battle and war? By what way is the light parted, [and] the east wind scattered upon the earth? Who hath divided a channel for the rain-flood, and a way for the thunder's flash; To cause it to rain on the earth, where no one is; on the wilderness wherein there is not a man; To satisfy the desolate and waste [ground], and to cause the sprout of the grass to spring forth? Hath the rain a father? or who begetteth the drops of dew? Out of whose womb cometh the ice? and the hoary frost of heaven, who bringeth it forth? When the waters lie hidden as in stone, and the face of the deep holdeth fast together. Canst thou fasten the bands of the Pleiades, or loosen the cords of Orion? Dost thou bring forth the constellations each in its season? or dost thou guide the Bear with her sons? Knowest thou the ordinances of the heavens? dost thou determine their rule over the earth? Dost thou lift up thy voice to the clouds, that floods of waters may cover thee? Dost thou send forth lightnings that they may go, and say unto thee, Here we are? Who hath put wisdom in the inward parts? or who hath given understanding to the mind? Who numbereth the clouds with wisdom? or who poureth out the bottles of the heavens, When the dust runneth as into a molten mass, and the clods cleave fast together? Dost thou hunt the prey for the lioness, and dost thou satisfy the appetite of the young lions, When they crouch in [their] dens, [and] abide in the thicket to lie in wait? Who provideth for the raven his food, when his young ones cry unto ùGod, [and] they wander for lack of meat?
He stirreth up the sea by his power, and by his understanding he smiteth through Rahab. By his Spirit the heavens are adorned; his hand hath formed the fleeing serpent. Lo, these are the borders of his ways; but what a whisper of a word do we hear of him! And the thunder of his power, who can understand?
Worthy.Bible » Commentaries » Keil & Delitzsch Commentary » Commentary on Psalms 111
Commentary on Psalms 111 Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
Alphabetical Song in Praise of God
With Psalms 111:1-10 begins a trilogy of Hallelujah-Psalms. It may be appended to Psalms 110:1-7, because it places the “for ever” of Psalms 110:4 in broader light in relation to the history of redemption, by stringing praise upon praise of the deeds of Jahve and of His appointments. It stands in the closest relationship to Psalms 112:1-10. Whilst Psalms 111:1-10, as Hitzig correctly says, celebrates the glory, might, and loving-kindness of Jahve in the circle of the “upright,” Psalms 112:1-10 celebrates the glory flowing therefrom and the happiness of the “upright” themselves, of those who fear Jahve. The two Psalms are twin in form as in contents. They are a mixture of materials taken from older Psalms and gnomical utterances; both are sententious, and both alphabetical. Each consists of twenty-two lines with the twenty-two letters of the alphabet at the beginning,
(Note: Böttcher transposes the verses in Psalms 111:1-10, and in Psalms 112:5 corrects יכלכל into וכלכל ; in the warmth of his critical zeal he runs against the boundary-posts of the letters marking the order, without observing it.)
and every line for the most part consists of three words. Both songs are only chains of acrostic lines without any strophic grouping, and therefore cannot be divided out. The analogous accentuation shows how strong is the impression of the close relationship of this twin pair; and both Psalms also close, in Psalms 111:9 and Psalms 111:10, with two verses of three members, being up to this point divided into verses of two members.
That which the poet purposes doing in Psalms 111:1, he puts into execution from Psalms 111:2 onwards. ועדה , according to Psalms 64:7; Psalms 118:14, is equivalent to ועדתם . According to Psalms 111:10 , הפציהם in Psalms 111:2 apparently signifies those who find pleasure in them (the works of God); but חפצי = חפצי (like שׂמחי , Isaiah 24:7 = שׂמחי ) is less natural than that it should be the construct form of the plural of חפץ , that occurs in three instances, and there was no need for saying that those who make the works of God the object of their research are such as interest themselves in them. We are led to the right meaning by לכל־חפצו in 1 Kings 9:11 in comparison with Isaiah 44:28; Isaiah 46:10, cf. Isaiah 53:10, where חפץ signifies God's purpose in accordance with His counsel: constantly searched into, and therefore a worthy object of research ( דרשׁ , root דר , to seek to know by rubbing, and in general experimentally, cf. Arab. drâ of knowledge empirically acquired) according to all their aims, i.e., in all phases of that which they have in view. In Psalms 111:4 זכר points to the festival which propagates the remembrance of the deeds of God in the Mosaic age; טרף , Psalms 111:5, therefore points to the food provided for the Exodus, and to the Passover meal, together with the feast of unleavened bread, this memorial ( זכּרון , Exodus 12:14) of the exemption in faithfulness to the covenant which was experienced in Egypt. This Psalm, says Luther, looks to me as though it had been composed for the festival of Easter. Even from the time of Theodoret and Augustine the thought of the Eucharist has been connected with Psalms 111:5 in the New Testament mind; and it is not without good reason that Psalms 111:1-10 has become the Psalm of the church at the celebration of the Lord's Supper. In connection with הגּיד one is reminded of the Pesach-Haggada. The deed of redemption which it relates has a power that continues in operation; for to the church of Jahve is assigned the victory not only over the peoples of Canaan, but over the whole world. The power of Jahve's deeds, which He has made known to His people, and which they tell over again among themselves, aims at giving them the inheritance of the peoples. The works of His hands are truth and right, for they are the realization of that which is true and which lasts and verifies itself, and of that which is right, that triumphantly maintains its ground. His ordinances are נאמנים (occasionally pointed נאמנים ), established, attested, in themselves and in their results authorizing a firm confidence in their salutariness (cf. Psalms 19:8). סמוּכים , supported, stayed, viz., not outwardly, but in themselves, therefore imperturbable (cf. סמוּך used of the state of mind, Psalms 112:8; Isaiah 26:3). עשׂוּים , moulded, arranged, viz., on the part of God, “in truth, and upright;” ישׂר is accusative of the predicate (cf. Psalms 119:37), but without its being clear why it is not pointed וישׁר . If we have understood Psalms 111:4-6 correctly, then פּדוּת glances back at the deliverance out of Egypt. Upon this followed the ratification of the covenant on Sinai, which still remains inviolable down to the present time of the poet, and has the holiness and terribleness of the divine Name for a guarantee of its inviolability. The fear of Jahve, this holy and terrible God, is the beginning of wisdom - the motto of the Chokma in Job (Job 28:28) and Proverbs (Proverbs 1:7; Proverbs 9:10), the Books of the Chokma . Psalms 111:10 goes on in this Proverbs-like strain: the fear of God, which manifests itself in obedience, is to those who practise them (the divine precepts, פקודים ) שׂכל טּוב (Proverbs 13:15; Proverbs 3:4, cf. 2 Chronicles 30:22), a fine sagacity, praiseworthy discernment - such a (dutiful) one partakes of everlasting praise. It is true, in glancing back to Psalms 111:3 , תּהלּתו seems to refer to God, but a glance forward to Psalms 112:3 shows that the praise of him who fears God is meant. The old observation therefore holds good: ubi haec ode desinit, sequens incipit (Bakius).