1 Moreover David and the captains of the host separated to the service of the sons of Asaph, and of Heman, and of Jeduthun, who should prophesy with harps, with psalteries, and with cymbals: and the number of the workmen according to their service was:
2 Of the sons of Asaph; Zaccur, and Joseph, and Nethaniah, and Asarelah, the sons of Asaph under the hands of Asaph, which prophesied according to the order of the king.
3 Of Jeduthun: the sons of Jeduthun; Gedaliah, and Zeri, and Jeshaiah, Hashabiah, and Mattithiah, six, under the hands of their father Jeduthun, who prophesied with a harp, to give thanks and to praise the LORD.
4 Of Heman: the sons of Heman: Bukkiah, Mattaniah, Uzziel, Shebuel, and Jerimoth, Hananiah, Hanani, Eliathah, Giddalti, and Romamtiezer, Joshbekashah, Mallothi, Hothir, and Mahazioth:
5 All these were the sons of Heman the king's seer in the words of God, to lift up the horn. And God gave to Heman fourteen sons and three daughters.
6 All these were under the hands of their father for song in the house of the LORD, with cymbals, psalteries, and harps, for the service of the house of God, according to the king's order to Asaph, Jeduthun, and Heman.
7 So the number of them, with their brethren that were instructed in the songs of the LORD, even all that were cunning, was two hundred fourscore and eight.
8 And they cast lots, ward against ward, as well the small as the great, the teacher as the scholar.
9 Now the first lot came forth for Asaph to Joseph: the second to Gedaliah, who with his brethren and sons were twelve:
10 The third to Zaccur, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve:
11 The fourth to Izri, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve:
12 The fifth to Nethaniah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve:
13 The sixth to Bukkiah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve:
14 The seventh to Jesharelah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve:
15 The eighth to Jeshaiah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve:
16 The ninth to Mattaniah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve:
17 The tenth to Shimei, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve:
18 The eleventh to Azareel, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve:
19 The twelfth to Hashabiah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve:
20 The thirteenth to Shubael, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve:
21 The fourteenth to Mattithiah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve:
22 The fifteenth to Jeremoth, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve:
23 The sixteenth to Hananiah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve:
24 The seventeenth to Joshbekashah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve:
25 The eighteenth to Hanani, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve:
26 The nineteenth to Mallothi, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve:
27 The twentieth to Eliathah, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve:
28 The one and twentieth to Hothir, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve:
29 The two and twentieth to Giddalti, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve:
30 The three and twentieth to Mahazioth, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve:
31 The four and twentieth to Romamtiezer, he, his sons, and his brethren, were twelve.
1 Moreover David H1732 and the captains H8269 of the host H6635 separated H914 to the service H5656 of the sons H1121 of Asaph, H623 and of Heman, H1968 and of Jeduthun, H3038 who should prophesy H5012 H5030 with harps, H3658 with psalteries, H5035 and with cymbals: H4700 and the number H4557 of the workmen H582 H4399 according to their service H5656 was:
2 Of the sons H1121 of Asaph; H623 Zaccur, H2139 and Joseph, H3130 and Nethaniah, H5418 and Asarelah, H841 the sons H1121 of Asaph H623 under the hands H3027 of Asaph, H623 which prophesied H5012 according to the order H3027 of the king. H4428
3 Of Jeduthun: H3038 the sons H1121 of Jeduthun; H3038 Gedaliah, H1436 and Zeri, H6874 and Jeshaiah, H3470 Hashabiah, H2811 and Mattithiah, H4993 six, H8337 under the hands H3027 of their father H1 Jeduthun, H3038 who prophesied H5012 with a harp, H3658 to give thanks H3034 and to praise H1984 the LORD. H3068
4 Of Heman: H1968 the sons H1121 of Heman; H1968 Bukkiah, H1232 Mattaniah, H4983 Uzziel, H5816 Shebuel, H7619 and Jerimoth, H3406 Hananiah, H2608 Hanani, H2607 Eliathah, H448 Giddalti, H1437 and Romamtiezer, H7320 Joshbekashah, H3436 Mallothi, H4413 Hothir, H1956 and Mahazioth: H4238
5 All these were the sons H1121 of Heman H1968 the king's H4428 seer H2374 in the words H1697 of God, H430 to lift up H7311 the horn. H7161 And God H430 gave H5414 to Heman H1968 fourteen H702 H6240 sons H1121 and three H7969 daughters. H1323
6 All these were under the hands H3027 of their father H1 for song H7892 in the house H1004 of the LORD, H3068 with cymbals, H4700 psalteries, H5035 and harps, H3658 for the service H5656 of the house H1004 of God, H430 according to the king's H4428 order H3027 to Asaph, H623 Jeduthun, H3038 and Heman. H1968
7 So the number H4557 of them, with their brethren H251 that were instructed H3925 in the songs H7892 of the LORD, H3068 even all that were cunning, H995 was two hundred H3967 fourscore H8084 and eight. H8083
8 And they cast H5307 lots, H1486 ward H4931 against H5980 ward, as well the small H6996 as the great, H1419 the teacher H995 as the scholar. H8527
9 Now the first H7223 lot H1486 came forth H3318 for Asaph H623 to Joseph: H3130 the second H8145 to Gedaliah, H1436 who with his brethren H251 and sons H1121 were twelve: H8147 H6240
10 The third H7992 to Zaccur, H2139 he, his sons, H1121 and his brethren, H251 were twelve: H8147 H6240
11 The fourth H7243 to Izri, H3339 he, his sons, H1121 and his brethren, H251 were twelve: H8147 H6240
12 The fifth H2549 to Nethaniah, H5418 he, his sons, H1121 and his brethren, H251 were twelve: H8147 H6240
13 The sixth H8345 to Bukkiah, H1232 he, his sons, H1121 and his brethren, H251 were twelve: H8147 H6240
14 The seventh H7637 to Jesharelah, H3480 he, his sons, H1121 and his brethren, H251 were twelve: H8147 H6240
15 The eighth H8066 to Jeshaiah, H3470 he, his sons, H1121 and his brethren, H251 were twelve: H8147 H6240
16 The ninth H8671 to Mattaniah, H4983 he, his sons, H1121 and his brethren, H251 were twelve: H8147 H6240
17 The tenth H6224 to Shimei, H8096 he, his sons, H1121 and his brethren, H251 were twelve: H8147 H6240
18 The eleventh H6249 H6240 to Azareel, H5832 he, his sons, H1121 and his brethren, H251 were twelve: H8147 H6240
19 The twelfth H8147 H6240 to Hashabiah, H2811 he, his sons, H1121 and his brethren, H251 were twelve: H8147 H6240
20 The thirteenth H7969 H6240 to Shubael, H7619 he, his sons, H1121 and his brethren, H251 were twelve: H8147 H6240
21 The fourteenth H702 H6240 to Mattithiah, H4993 he, his sons, H1121 and his brethren, H251 were twelve: H8147 H6240
22 The fifteenth H2568 H6240 to Jeremoth, H3406 he, his sons, H1121 and his brethren, H251 were twelve: H8147 H6240
23 The sixteenth H8337 H6240 to Hananiah, H2608 he, his sons, H1121 and his brethren, H251 were twelve: H8147 H6240
24 The seventeenth H7651 H6240 to Joshbekashah, H3436 he, his sons, H1121 and his brethren, H251 were twelve: H8147 H6240
25 The eighteenth H8083 H6240 to Hanani, H2607 he, his sons, H1121 and his brethren, H251 were twelve: H8147 H6240
26 The nineteenth H8672 H6240 to Mallothi, H4413 he, his sons, H1121 and his brethren, H251 were twelve: H8147 H6240
27 The twentieth H6242 to Eliathah, H448 he, his sons, H1121 and his brethren, H251 were twelve: H8147 H6240
28 The one H259 and twentieth H6242 to Hothir, H1956 he, his sons, H1121 and his brethren, H251 were twelve: H8147 H6240
29 The two H8147 and twentieth H6242 to Giddalti, H1437 he, his sons, H1121 and his brethren, H251 were twelve: H8147 H6240
30 The three H7969 and twentieth H6242 to Mahazioth, H4238 he, his sons, H1121 and his brethren, H251 were twelve: H8147 H6240
31 The four H702 and twentieth H6242 to Romamtiezer, H7320 he, his sons, H1121 and his brethren, H251 were twelve. H8147 H6240
1 Moreover David and the captains of the host set apart for the service certain of the sons of Asaph, and of Heman, and of Jeduthun, who should prophesy with harps, with psalteries, and with cymbals: and the number of them that did the work according to their service was:
2 of the sons of Asaph: Zaccur, and Joseph, and Nethaniah, and Asharelah, the sons of Asaph, under the hand of Asaph, who prophesied after the order of the king.
3 Of Jeduthun; the sons of Jeduthun: Gedaliah, and Zeri, and Jeshaiah, Hashabiah, and Mattithiah, six, under the hands of their father Jeduthun with the harp, who prophesied in giving thanks and praising Jehovah.
4 Of Heman; the sons of Heman: Bukkiah, Mattaniah, Uzziel, Shebuel, and Jerimoth, Hananiah, Hanani, Eliathah, Giddalti, and Romamti-ezer, Joshbekashah, Mallothi, Hothir, Mahazioth.
5 All these were the sons of Heman the king's seer in the words of God, to lift up the horn. And God gave to Heman fourteen sons and three daughters.
6 All these were under the hands of their father for song in the house of Jehovah, with cymbals, psalteries, and harps, for the service of the house of God; Asaph, Jeduthun, and Heman being under the order of the king.
7 And the number of them, with their brethren that were instructed in singing unto Jehovah, even all that were skilful, was two hundred fourscore and eight.
8 And they cast lots for their offices, all alike, as well the small as the great, the teacher as the scholar.
9 Now the first lot came forth for Asaph to Joseph: the second to Gedaliah; he and his brethren and sons were twelve:
10 the third to Zaccur, his sons and his brethren, twelve:
11 the fourth to Izri, his sons and his brethren, twelve:
12 the fifth to Nethaniah, his sons and his brethren, twelve:
13 the sixth to Bukkiah, his sons and his brethren, twelve:
14 the seventh to Jesharelah, his sons and his brethren, twelve:
15 the eighth to Jeshaiah, his sons and his brethren, twelve:
16 the ninth to Mattaniah, his sons and his brethren, twelve:
17 the tenth to Shimei, his sons and his brethren, twelve:
18 the eleventh to Azarel, his sons and his brethren, twelve:
19 the twelfth to Hashabiah, his sons and his brethren, twelve:
20 for the thirteenth, Shubael, his sons and his brethren, twelve:
21 for the fourteenth, Mattithiah, his sons and his brethren, twelve:
22 for the fifteenth to Jeremoth, his sons and his brethren, twelve:
23 for the sixteenth to Hananiah, his sons and his brethren, twelve:
24 for the seventeenth to Joshbekashah, his sons and his brethren, twelve:
25 for the eighteenth to Hanani, his sons and his brethren, twelve:
26 for the nineteenth to Mallothi, his sons and his brethren, twelve:
27 for the twentieth to Eliathah, his sons and his brethren, twelve:
28 for the one and twentieth to Hothir, his sons and his brethren, twelve:
29 for the two and twentieth to Giddalti, his sons and his brethren, twelve:
30 for the three and twentieth to Mahazioth, his sons and his brethren, twelve:
31 for the four and twentieth to Romamtiezer, his sons and his brethren, twelve.
1 And David and the heads of the host separate for service, of the sons of Asaph, and Heman, and Jeduthun, who are prophesying with harps, with psalteries, and with cymbals, and the number of the workmen is according to their service.
2 Of sons of Asaph: Zaccur, and Joseph, and Nethaniah, and Asharelah, sons of Asaph, `are' by the side of Asaph, who is prophesying by the side of the king.
3 Of Jeduthun: sons of Jeduthun, Gedaliah, and Zeri, and Jeshaiah, Hashabiah, and Mattithiah, Shisshah, `are' by the side of their father Jeduthun; with a harp he is prophesying, for giving of thanks and of praise to Jehovah.
4 Of Heman: sons of Heman: Bukkiah, Mattaniah, Uzziel, Shebuel, and Jerimoth, Hananiah, Hanani, Eliathah, Giddalti, and Romamti-Ezer, Joshbekashah, Mallothi, Hothir, Mahazioth;
5 all these `are' sons of Heman -- seer of the king in the things of God -- to lift up a horn; and God giveth to Heman fourteen sons and three daughters.
6 All these `are' by the side of their father in the song of the house of Jehovah, with cymbals, psalteries, and harps, for the service of the house of God; by the side of the king `are' Asaph, and Jeduthun, and Heman.
7 And their number, with their brethren -- taught in the song of Jehovah, all who are intelligent -- is two hundred, eighty and eight.
8 And they cause to fall lots -- charge over-against `charge', as well the small as the great, the intelligent with the learner.
9 And the first lot goeth out for Asaph to Joseph; `to' Gedaliah the second; he, and his brethren and his sons, twelve;
10 the third `to' Zaccur, his sons and his brethren, twelve;
11 the fourth to Izri, his sons and his brethren, twelve;
12 the fifth `to' Nethaniah, his sons and his brethren, twelve;
13 the sixth `to' Bukkiah, his sons and his brethren, twelve;
14 the seventh `to' Jesharelah, his sons and his brethren, twelve;
15 the eighth `to' Jeshaiah, his sons and his brethren, twelve;
16 the ninth `to' Mattaniah, his sons and his brethren, twelve;
17 the tenth `to' Shimei, his sons and his brethren, twelve:
18 eleventh `to' Azareel, his sons and his brethren, twelve;
19 the twelfth `to' Hashabiah, his sons and his brethren, twelve;
20 at the thirteenth `to' Shubael, his sons and his brethren, twelve;
21 at the fourteenth `to' Mattithiah, his sons and his brethren, twelve;
22 at the fifteenth `to' Jeremoth, his sons and his brethren, twelve;
23 at the sixteenth `to' Hananiah, his sons and his brethren, twelve;
24 at the seventeenth `to' Joshbekashah, his sons and his brethren, twelve;
25 at the eighteenth `to' Hanani, his sons and his brethren, twelve;
26 at the nineteenth `to' Mallothi, his sons and his brethren, twelve;
27 at the twentieth `to' Eliathah, his sons and his brethren, twelve;
28 at the one and twentieth `to' Hothir, his sons and his brethren, twelve;
29 at the two and twentieth `to' Giddalti, his sons and his brethren, twelve;
30 at the three and twentieth `to' Mahazioth, his sons and his brethren, twelve;
31 at the four and twentieth `to' Romamti-Ezer, his sons and his brethren, twelve.
1 And David and the captains of the host separated for the service those of the sons of Asaph and of Heman and of Jeduthun who were to prophesy with harps and lutes and cymbals; and the number of the men employed according to their service was:
2 of the sons of Asaph: Zaccur, and Joseph, and Nethaniah, and Asharelah, the sons of Asaph under the direction of Asaph, who prophesied at the direction of the king.
3 Of Jeduthun, the sons of Jeduthun: Gedaliah, and Zeri, and Isaiah, Hashabiah, and Mattithiah, [and Shimei] six, under the direction of their father Jeduthun, who prophesied with the harp, to give thanks and to praise Jehovah.
4 Of Heman, the sons of Heman: Bukkijah, Mattaniah, Uzziel, Shebuel, and Jerimoth, Hananiah, Hanani, Eliathah, Giddalti, and Romamti-ezer, Joshbekashah, Mallothi, Hothir, Mahazioth:
5 all these were sons of Heman the king's seer in the words of God, to exalt his power; and God had given to Heman fourteen sons and three daughters.
6 All these were under the direction of their fathers Asaph, Jeduthun, and Heman, for song in the house of Jehovah, with cymbals, lutes and harps, for the service of the house of God, under the direction of the king.
7 And the number of them, with their brethren that were instructed in the songs of Jehovah, all of them skilful, was two hundred and eighty-eight.
8 And they cast lots with one another over the charges, the small as well as the great, the teacher with the scholar.
9 And the first lot came forth for Asaph to Joseph; to Gedaliah the second: he and his brethren and his sons were twelve.
10 The third to Zaccur; his sons and his brethren, twelve.
11 The fourth to Jizri; his sons and his brethren, twelve.
12 The fifth to Nethaniah; his sons and his brethren, twelve.
13 The sixth to Bukkijah; his sons and his brethren, twelve.
14 The seventh to Jesharelah; his sons and his brethren, twelve.
15 The eighth to Isaiah; his sons and his brethren, twelve.
16 The ninth to Mattaniah; his sons and his brethren, twelve.
17 The tenth to Shimei; his sons and his brethren, twelve.
18 The eleventh to Azareel; his sons and his brethren, twelve.
19 The twelfth to Hashabiah; his sons and his brethren, twelve.
20 The thirteenth to Shubael; his sons and his brethren, twelve.
21 The fourteenth to Mattithiah; his sons and his brethren, twelve.
22 The fifteenth to Jeremoth; his sons and his brethren, twelve.
23 The sixteenth to Hananiah; his sons and his brethren, twelve.
24 The seventeenth to Joshbekashah; his sons and his brethren, twelve.
25 The eighteenth to Hanani; his sons and his brethren, twelve.
26 The nineteenth to Mallothi; his sons and his brethren, twelve.
27 The twentieth to Elijathah; his sons and his brethren, twelve.
28 The twenty-first to Hothir; his sons and his brethren, twelve.
29 The twenty-second to Giddalti; his sons and his brethren, twelve.
30 The twenty-third to Mahazioth; his sons and his brethren, twelve.
31 The twenty-fourth to Romamti-ezer; his sons and his brethren, twelve.
1 Moreover, David and the captains of the host set apart for the service certain of the sons of Asaph, and of Heman, and of Jeduthun, who should prophesy with harps, with psalteries, and with cymbals: and the number of those who did the work according to their service was:
2 of the sons of Asaph: Zaccur, and Joseph, and Nethaniah, and Asharelah, the sons of Asaph, under the hand of Asaph, who prophesied after the order of the king.
3 Of Jeduthun; the sons of Jeduthun: Gedaliah, and Zeri, and Jeshaiah, Hashabiah, and Mattithiah, six, under the hands of their father Jeduthun with the harp, who prophesied in giving thanks and praising Yahweh.
4 Of Heman; the sons of Heman: Bukkiah, Mattaniah, Uzziel, Shebuel, and Jerimoth, Hananiah, Hanani, Eliathah, Giddalti, and Romamti-ezer, Joshbekashah, Mallothi, Hothir, Mahazioth.
5 All these were the sons of Heman the king's seer in the words of God, to lift up the horn. God gave to Heman fourteen sons and three daughters.
6 All these were under the hands of their father for song in the house of Yahweh, with cymbals, psalteries, and harps, for the service of the house of God; Asaph, Jeduthun, and Heman being under the order of the king.
7 The number of them, with their brothers who were instructed in singing to Yahweh, even all who were skillful, was two hundred eighty-eight.
8 They cast lots for their offices, all alike, as well the small as the great, the teacher as the scholar.
9 Now the first lot came forth for Asaph to Joseph: the second to Gedaliah; he and his brothers and sons were twelve:
10 the third to Zaccur, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
11 the fourth to Izri, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
12 the fifth to Nethaniah, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
13 the sixth to Bukkiah, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
14 the seventh to Jesharelah, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
15 the eighth to Jeshaiah, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
16 the ninth to Mattaniah, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
17 the tenth to Shimei, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
18 the eleventh to Azarel, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
19 the twelfth to Hashabiah, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
20 for the thirteenth, Shubael, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
21 for the fourteenth, Mattithiah, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
22 for the fifteenth to Jeremoth, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
23 for the sixteenth to Hananiah, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
24 for the seventeenth to Joshbekashah, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
25 for the eighteenth to Hanani, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
26 for the nineteenth to Mallothi, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
27 for the twentieth to Eliathah, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
28 for the one and twentieth to Hothir, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
29 for the two and twentieth to Giddalti, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
30 for the three and twentieth to Mahazioth, his sons and his brothers, twelve:
31 for the four and twentieth to Romamtiezer, his sons and his brothers, twelve.
1 Further, David and the chiefs of the servants of the holy place made selection of certain of the sons of Asaph and of Heman and of Jeduthun for the work of prophets, to make melody with corded instruments and brass; and the number of the men for the work they had to do was:
2 Of the sons of Asaph: Zaccur and Joseph and Nethaniah and Asharelah, sons of Asaph; under the direction of Asaph, acting as a prophet under the orders of the king;
3 Of Jeduthun: the six sons of Jeduthun, Gedaliah and Zeri and Jeshaiah, Hashabiah and Mattithiah; under the direction of their father Jeduthun who, acting as a prophet, with corded instruments gave praise and glory to the Lord.
4 Of Heman, the sons of Heman: Bukkiah, Mattaniah, Uzziel, Shebuel and Jerimoth, Hananiah, Hanani, Eliathah, Giddalti and Romamti-ezer, Joshbekashah, Mallothi, Hothir, Mahazioth;
5 All these were sons of Heman, the king's seer in the words of God. And to make great his power God gave Heman fourteen sons and three daughters.
6 All these, under the direction of their father, made music in the house of the Lord, with brass and corded instruments, for the worship of the house of God; Asaph, Jeduthun, and Heman being under the orders of the king.
7 And the number of them, with their brothers who were trained and expert in making melody to the Lord, was two hundred and eighty-eight.
8 And selection was made of them for their special work, all having equal chances, small as well as great, the teacher as the learner.
9 Now of the group of Asaph, the first name to come out was Joseph; the second Gedaliah; he and his brothers and sons were twelve?
10 The third Zaccur, with his sons and his brothers, twelve;
11 The fourth Izri, with his sons and his brothers, twelve;
12 The fifth Nethaniah, with his sons and his brothers, twelve;
13 The sixth Bukkiah, with his sons and his brothers, twelve;
14 The seventh Jesharelah, with his sons and his brothers, twelve;
15 The eighth Jeshaiah, with his sons and his brothers, twelve;
16 The ninth Mattaniah, with his sons and his brothers, twelve;
17 The tenth Shimei, with his sons and his brothers, twelve;
18 The eleventh Azarel, with his sons and his brothers, twelve;
19 The twelfth Hashabiah, with his sons and his brothers, twelve;
20 The thirteenth Shubael, with his sons and his brothers, twelve;
21 The fourteenth Mattithiah, with his sons and his brothers, twelve;
22 The fifteenth Jeremoth, with his sons and his brothers, twelve;
23 The sixteenth Hananiah, with his sons and his brothers, twelve;
24 The seventeenth Joshbekashah, with his sons and his brothers, twelve;
25 The eighteenth Hanani, with his sons and his brothers, twelve;
26 The nineteenth Mallothi, with his sons and his brothers, twelve;
27 The twentieth Eliathah, with his sons and his brothers, twelve;
28 The twenty-first Hothir, with his sons and his brothers, twelve;
29 The twenty-second Giddalti, with his sons and his brothers, twelve;
30 The twenty-third Mahazioth, with his sons and his brothers, twelve;
31 The twenty-fourth Romamti-ezer, with his sons and his brothers, twelve.
Worthy.Bible » Commentaries » Keil & Delitzsch Commentary » Commentary on 1 Chronicles 25
Commentary on 1 Chronicles 25 Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
The twenty-four classes of musicians . - 1 Chronicles 25:1. “David and the princes of the host separated for the service the sons of Asaph,” etc. הצּבא שׂרי are not princes of the Levite host; for although the service of the Levites is called צבא צבא in Numbers 4:23, yet the princes of the Levites are nowhere called הצבא שׂרי . This expression rather denotes either the leaders of the army of the chiefs of Israel, as the host of Jahve, Exodus 12:17, Exodus 12:41, etc. Here it is used in the last signification, as synonymous with princes of Israel (1 Chronicles 23:2); in Exodus 24:6 we have simply the princes, along with whom the heads of the fathers'-houses of the priests and the Levites are mentioned. לעבדה הבדּיל , separate for the service; cf. Numbers 16:9. The ל in אסף לבני is nota acc . Since Asaph was, according to 1 Chronicles 6:39-43, a descendant of Gershon, Heman, according to 1 Chronicles 6:33-38, a descendant of Kohath, and Jeduthun (= Ethan) a descendant of Merari (1 Chronicles 6:44-47), all the chief families of Levi had representatives among the singers. The Kethibh הנביאים is an orthographical error for הנּבּאים ( Keri ), partic. Niph., corresponding to the singular הנּבּא , 1 Chronicles 25:2 and 1 Chronicles 25:3. נּבּא , prophetare , is here used in its wider signification of the singing and playing to the praise of God performed in the power of the Divine Spirit. In reference to the instruments of these chief musicians, cf. 1 Chronicles 15:16. The suffix in מספּרם refers to the following noun, which is subordinated to the word מספּר as genitive; cf. the similar construction עצל נפשׁו , his, the sluggard's, soul, Proverbs 13:4, and Ew. §309, e . “Their number (the number) of the workmen for the service, i.e., of those who performed the work of the service, was (as follows).”
With אסף לבני the enumeration beings: “Of Asaph's sons were, or to Asaph's sons belonged, Zacchur,” etc. Four are here named, but the number is not stated, while it is given in the case of the sons of Jeduthun and Heman, 1 Chronicles 25:3 and 1 Chronicles 25:5. על־יד , at the hand, alternates with על־ידי (1 Chronicles 25:3 and 1 Chronicles 25:6), and אסף יד על does not of itself express a different relationship to Asaph than that expressed by המּלך ידי על with reference to the king. It signifies only “under (according to) the direction of;” and in 1 Chronicles 25:6 the king, Asaph, Jeduthun, and Heman are co-ordinated, inasmuch as the musical part of the worship was arranged by David and the three chief musicians in common, although only the latter were concerned in its performance. In 1 Chronicles 25:3 לידוּתוּן is placed at the beginning, because the choir of singers led by him bore his name; and so also in the case of Heman, 1 Chronicles 25:4. “As to Jeduthun, were sons of Jeduthun.” The word sons in these catalogues denotes not merely actual sons, but those intellectually sons, i.e., scholars taught by the master. This is clear from the fact that the twenty-four classes, each of which numbered twelve men, consist of sons and brothers of the leaders. The names given as those of the sons of Asaph, Jeduthun, and Heman, in 1 Chronicles 25:2-5, do not represent the whole number of the scholars of these masters, but only the presidents of the twenty-four classes of Levites who were engaged under their leadership in performing the sacred music. Only five sons of Jeduthun are named in our text, while according to the number given there should be six. A comparison of the names in vv. 9-31 shows that in 1 Chronicles 25:3 the name שׁמעי (1 Chronicles 25:17) has been dropped out. בּכּנּור belongs to ידוּתוּן : under the direction of their father Jeduthun (the master), upon the kinnor (see on 1 Chronicles 15:16), who was inspired to sing praise, i.e., who played inspiredly to bring praise and honour to the Lord; cf. 1 Chronicles 16:4; 1 Chronicles 23:30, etc.
Fourteen sons of Heman are enumerated. עזר רממתּי is one name, cf. 31, although עזר is without doubt to be supplied also after גּדּלתּי . Probably also מחזיאות is to be supplied in thought after the names. מלותי , I made full, and הותיר , increased.
(Note: On these names Ewald ways, ausf. Lehrb. der Hebr. Sprache, §274, S. 672, der 7 Ausg.: “ It is thought that the utterance of a great prophet is to be found cut up into names of near relatives, when the words,
עזר רממתּי גּדּלתּי
מחזיאות הותיר מלותי
'I have given great and lofty help,
I have to fulness spoken oracles,'
which manifestly form a verse, and may have been the commencement of a famed ancient oracle, are found transferred to the five musical sons of Heman, Giddalti(ezer), Romamtiezer, Mallothi, Hothir, and Machazioth. ” )
Heman is called in 1 Chronicles 25:5 the seer of the king in the words of God, because he, along with his gift of song, was endowed also with the prophetic gift, and as seer made known to the king revelations of God. In 2 Chronicles 35:15 the same thing is predicated also of Jeduthun, and in the same sense the prophet Gad is called in 1 Chronicles 21:9 David's seer. קרן להרים the Masoretes have connected with the preceding, by placing Athnach under the קרן , and the phrase has been wholly misunderstood by the Rabbins and Christian commentators. Berth., e.g., connects it with האלהים בּדברי , and translates, “to sound loud upon horns, according to the divine command,” referring to 2 Chronicles 29:15, where, however, both meaning and accentuation forbid us to connect יהוה בּדברי with what follows. This interpretation of the words is thoroughly wrong, not only because the Levites under Heman's direction did not blow horns, the horn not being one of the instruments played by the Levites in connection with the worship, but also because on linguistic grounds it is objectionable. קרן הרים קרן .el never has the signification to blow the horn; for to elevate the horn signifies everywhere to heighten the power of any one, or unfold, show power; cf. 1 Samuel 2:10; Lamentations 2:17; Psalms 148:14; Psalms 89:18; Psalms 92:11, etc. That is the meaning of the phrase here, and the words are to be connected, according to their sense, with what follows: “to elevate the horn,” i.e., to give power, God gave Heman fourteen sons and three daughters; i.e., to make Heman's race mighty for the praise of God, God gave him so many sons and daughters.
1 Chronicles 25:6 is the subscription to the enumeration, 1 Chronicles 25:2-5. כּל־אלּה are not the fourteen sons of Heman, but all the sons of Asaph, Jeduthun, and Heman. All these were under the direction of their fathers for song in the house of Jahve, with cymbals ... for the service in the house of God under the direction of the king, etc. אביהם is used distributively of each father of the sons named. Bertheau supplies after אביהם the name Heman, and thereby the first half of the verse contradicts the second, which he correctly understands to refer to the twenty-four persons enumerated. - In 1 Chronicles 25:7 the total number is given. Their number (the number) of the sons of Asaph, Jeduthun, and Heman (i.e., of the twenty-four 4 + 6 + 14 mentioned by name), with their brethren, was 288 (24 x 12); whence we learn that each of those named had eleven אחים , all of them שׁיר מלמּדי שׁיר , learned, practised in song for Jahve. In כּל־המּבין the sons and the brothers are both included, in order to give the total number. מבין , having understanding, knowledge of a thing, denotes here those who by education and practice were skilled in song - the accomplished musicians. Their number was 288, and these were divided into twenty-four choirs (classes). David had, according to 1 Chronicles 23:5, appointed 4000 Levites for the performance of the music. Of these, 288 were מבינים skilled in song; the others were scholars ( תּלמידים ), as 1 Chronicles 25:8 shows, where מבין and תּלמיד are the two categories into which the musicians are divided.
They cast lots, משׁמרת גּורלות , κλήρους ἐφημερίων (lxx), by which the משׁמרת , the waiting upon the service, was fixed, that is, the order of their succession in the official service. לעמּת is variously translated. As no name follows, R. Shel. and Kimchi would repeat the preceding משׁמרת : one class as the other; and this is supported by 1 Chronicles 26:16 and Nehemiah 12:24, and by the fact that in 1 Chronicles 17:5, after ממּשׁכּן , the words משׁכּן אל have been dropped out. But according to the accentuation משׁמרת belongs to גּורלות , and so the proposed completion is at once disposed of. Besides this, however, the thought “class like class” does not appear quite suitable, as the classes were only formed by the lots, and so were not in existence so as to be able to cast lots. We therefore, with Ewald, §360, a , and Berth., hold the clause כּגּדול כּקּטן to be the genitive belonging to לעמּת , since עמּת is in Ecclesiastes 5:15 also connected with a clause: “in the manner of, as the small, so the great,” i.e., the small and the great, the older as the younger. This is further defined by “the skilled as the scholars.” From these words it is manifest that not merely the 288 cast lots, for these were כּל־מבין (1 Chronicles 25:7), but also the other 3712 Levites appointed for the service of the singers; whence it further follows that only the 288 who were divided by lot into twenty-four classes, each numbering twelve persons, were thoroughly skilled in singing and playing, and the scholars were so distributed to them that each class received an equal number of them, whom they had to educate and train. These, then, were probably trained up for and employed in the temple music according to their progress in their education, so that the ἐφημερία which had at any time charge of the service consisted not only of the twelve skilled musicians, but also of a number of scholars who assisted in singing and playing under their direction.
The order of succession was so determined by lot, that the four sons of Asaph (1 Chronicles 25:3) received the first, third, fifth, and seventh places; the six sons of Jeduthun, the second, fourth, eighth, twelfth, and fourteenth; and finally, the four sons of Heman (first mentioned in 1 Chronicles 25:4), the sixth, ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth places; while the remaining places, 1 Chronicles 25:15-24, fell to the other sons of Heman. From this we learn that the lots of the sons of the three chief musicians were not placed in separate urns, and one lot drawn from each alternately; but that, on the contrary, all the lots were placed in one urn, and in drawing the lots of Asaph and Jeduthun came out so, that after the fourteenth drawing only sons of Heman remained.
(Note: Bertheau, S. 218, draws quite another conclusion from the above-mentioned order in which the lots were drawn. He supposes “ that two series, each of seven, were first included in the lot: to the one series belonged the four sons of Asaph and the three sons of Heman, Mattaniah, Uzziel or Azarel, and Shebuel or Shubael; to the other, the six sons of Jeduthun and Bukkiah the son of Heman. A lot was drawn from each series alternately, commencing with the first, so that the four sons of Asaph and the three sons of Heman obtained the places 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13; while to the six sons of Jeduthun, and the son of Heman added to them, fell the places 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14. The still remaining ten sons of Heman were then finally drawn for, and received the placed from the 15th to the 24th. ” This very artificial hypothesis explains, indeed, the order of the lots, but we cannot think it probable, because (1) for the supposed dividing of the lots to be drawn into divisions of 10 and 14 no reason can be assigned; (2) by any such division the sons of Heman would have been placed at a disadvantage from the beginning as compared with the sons of Asaph and Jeduthun, since not only Asaph ' s four sons, but also all Jeduthun ' s six sons, would have been placed in the first rank, while only four sons of Heman accompany them, Heman ' s ten remaining sons having had the last place assigned them.)
As to the details in 1 Chronicles 25:9, after Joseph we miss the statement, “he and his sons and his brothers, twelve;” which, with the exception of the הוּא , used only of the second lot, and omitted for the sake of brevity in all the other cases, is repeated with all the 23 numbers, and so can have been dropped here only by an error. The words ליוסף לאסף are to be understood thus: The first lot drawn was for Asaph, viz., for his son Joseph. In the succeeding verses the names are enumerated, sometimes with and sometimes without ל . Some of the names diverge somewhat in form. Izri, 1 Chronicles 25:11, stands for Zeri, 1 Chronicles 25:3; Jesharelah, 1 Chronicles 25:14, for Asarelah, 1 Chronicles 25:2; Azarel, 1 Chronicles 25:18, for Uzziel, 1 Chronicles 25:4 (like the king's names Uzziah and Azariah, 1 Chronicles 3:12, and 2 Chronicles 26:1); Shubael, 1 Chronicles 25:20, for Shebuel, 1 Chronicles 25:4 (cf. 1 Chronicles 23:16 with 1 Chronicles 24:20); Jeremoth, 1 Chronicles 25:22, for Jerimoth, 1 Chronicles 25:4; Eliyathah, 1 Chronicles 25:27, for Eliathah, 1 Chronicles 25:4. Besides these, the fuller forms Nethanyahu (1 Chronicles 25:12), Hashabyahu (1 Chronicles 25:3), Hananyahu (1 Chronicles 25:23), are used instead of the shorter Nethaniah, etc. (1 Chronicles 25:2, 1 Chronicles 25:19, 1 Chronicles 25:4). Of the 24 names which are here enumerated, besides those of Asaph, Jeduthun, and Heman, only Mattithiah recurs (1 Chronicles 15:18, 1 Chronicles 15:21) in the description of the solemnities connected with the bringing in of the ark; “but we are not justified in seeking there the names of our twenty-four classes” (Berth.).