1 Likewise this is the law of the trespass offering: it is most holy.
2 In the place where they kill the burnt offering shall they kill the trespass offering: and the blood thereof shall he sprinkle round about upon the altar.
3 And he shall offer of it all the fat thereof; the rump, and the fat that covereth the inwards,
4 And the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is by the flanks, and the caul that is above the liver, with the kidneys, it shall he take away:
5 And the priest shall burn them upon the altar for an offering made by fire unto the LORD: it is a trespass offering.
6 Every male among the priests shall eat thereof: it shall be eaten in the holy place: it is most holy.
7 As the sin offering is, so is the trespass offering: there is one law for them: the priest that maketh atonement therewith shall have it.
8 And the priest that offereth any man's burnt offering, even the priest shall have to himself the skin of the burnt offering which he hath offered.
9 And all the meat offering that is baked in the oven, and all that is dressed in the frying pan, and in the pan, shall be the priest's that offereth it.
10 And every meat offering, mingled with oil, and dry, shall all the sons of Aaron have, one as much as another.
11 And this is the law of the sacrifice of peace offerings, which he shall offer unto the LORD.
12 If he offer it for a thanksgiving, then he shall offer with the sacrifice of thanksgiving unleavened cakes mingled with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil, and cakes mingled with oil, of fine flour, fried.
13 Besides the cakes, he shall offer for his offering leavened bread with the sacrifice of thanksgiving of his peace offerings.
14 And of it he shall offer one out of the whole oblation for an heave offering unto the LORD, and it shall be the priest's that sprinkleth the blood of the peace offerings.
15 And the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings for thanksgiving shall be eaten the same day that it is offered; he shall not leave any of it until the morning.
16 But if the sacrifice of his offering be a vow, or a voluntary offering, it shall be eaten the same day that he offereth his sacrifice: and on the morrow also the remainder of it shall be eaten:
17 But the remainder of the flesh of the sacrifice on the third day shall be burnt with fire.
18 And if any of the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings be eaten at all on the third day, it shall not be accepted, neither shall it be imputed unto him that offereth it: it shall be an abomination, and the soul that eateth of it shall bear his iniquity.
19 And the flesh that toucheth any unclean thing shall not be eaten; it shall be burnt with fire: and as for the flesh, all that be clean shall eat thereof.
20 But the soul that eateth of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace offerings, that pertain unto the LORD, having his uncleanness upon him, even that soul shall be cut off from his people.
21 Moreover the soul that shall touch any unclean thing, as the uncleanness of man, or any unclean beast, or any abominable unclean thing, and eat of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace offerings, which pertain unto the LORD, even that soul shall be cut off from his people.
22 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
23 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, Ye shall eat no manner of fat, of ox, or of sheep, or of goat.
24 And the fat of the beast that dieth of itself, and the fat of that which is torn with beasts, may be used in any other use: but ye shall in no wise eat of it.
25 For whosoever eateth the fat of the beast, of which men offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD, even the soul that eateth it shall be cut off from his people.
26 Moreover ye shall eat no manner of blood, whether it be of fowl or of beast, in any of your dwellings.
27 Whatsoever soul it be that eateth any manner of blood, even that soul shall be cut off from his people.
28 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
29 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, He that offereth the sacrifice of his peace offerings unto the LORD shall bring his oblation unto the LORD of the sacrifice of his peace offerings.
30 His own hands shall bring the offerings of the LORD made by fire, the fat with the breast, it shall he bring, that the breast may be waved for a wave offering before the LORD.
31 And the priest shall burn the fat upon the altar: but the breast shall be Aaron's and his sons'.
32 And the right shoulder shall ye give unto the priest for an heave offering of the sacrifices of your peace offerings.
33 He among the sons of Aaron, that offereth the blood of the peace offerings, and the fat, shall have the right shoulder for his part.
34 For the wave breast and the heave shoulder have I taken of the children of Israel from off the sacrifices of their peace offerings, and have given them unto Aaron the priest and unto his sons by a statute for ever from among the children of Israel.
35 This is the portion of the anointing of Aaron, and of the anointing of his sons, out of the offerings of the LORD made by fire, in the day when he presented them to minister unto the LORD in the priest's office;
36 Which the LORD commanded to be given them of the children of Israel, in the day that he anointed them, by a statute for ever throughout their generations.
37 This is the law of the burnt offering, of the meat offering, and of the sin offering, and of the trespass offering, and of the consecrations, and of the sacrifice of the peace offerings;
38 Which the LORD commanded Moses in mount Sinai, in the day that he commanded the children of Israel to offer their oblations unto the LORD, in the wilderness of Sinai.
1 Likewise this is the law H8451 of the trespass offering: H817 it is most H6944 holy. H6944
2 In the place H4725 where they kill H7819 the burnt offering H5930 shall they kill H7819 the trespass offering: H817 and the blood H1818 thereof shall he sprinkle H2236 round about H5439 upon the altar. H4196
3 And he shall offer H7126 of it all the fat H2459 thereof; the rump, H451 and the fat H2459 that covereth H3680 the inwards, H7130
4 And the two H8147 kidneys, H3629 and the fat H2459 that is on them, which is by the flanks, H3689 and the caul H3508 that is above the liver, H3516 with the kidneys, H3629 it shall he take away: H5493
5 And the priest H3548 shall burn H6999 them upon the altar H4196 for an offering made by fire H801 unto the LORD: H3068 it is a trespass offering. H817
6 Every male H2145 among the priests H3548 shall eat H398 thereof: it shall be eaten H398 in the holy H6918 place: H4725 it is most H6944 holy. H6944
7 As the sin offering H2403 is, so is the trespass offering: H817 there is one H259 law H8451 for them: the priest H3548 that maketh atonement H3722 therewith shall have it.
8 And the priest H3548 that offereth H7126 any man's H376 burnt offering, H5930 even the priest H3548 shall have to himself the skin H5785 of the burnt offering H5930 which he hath offered. H7126
9 And all the meat offering H4503 that is baken H644 in the oven, H8574 and all that is dressed H6213 in the fryingpan, H4802 and in the pan, H4227 shall be the priest's H3548 that offereth H7126 it.
10 And every meat offering, H4503 mingled H1101 with oil, H8081 and dry, H2720 shall all the sons H1121 of Aaron H175 have, one H376 as much as another. H251
11 And this is the law H8451 of the sacrifice H2077 of peace offerings, H8002 which he shall offer H7126 unto the LORD. H3068
12 If he offer H7126 it for a thanksgiving, H8426 then he shall offer H7126 with the sacrifice H2077 of thanksgiving H8426 unleavened H4682 cakes H2471 mingled H1101 with oil, H8081 and unleavened H4682 wafers H7550 anointed H4886 with oil, H8081 and cakes H2471 mingled H1101 with oil, H8081 of fine flour, H5560 fried. H7246
13 Besides the cakes, H2471 he shall offer H7126 for his offering H7133 leavened H2557 bread H3899 with the sacrifice H2077 of thanksgiving H8426 of his peace offerings. H8002
14 And of it he shall offer H7126 one H259 out of the whole oblation H7133 for an heave offering H8641 unto the LORD, H3068 and it shall be the priest's H3548 that sprinkleth H2236 the blood H1818 of the peace offerings. H8002
15 And the flesh H1320 of the sacrifice H2077 of his peace offerings H8002 for thanksgiving H8426 shall be eaten H398 the same day H3117 that it is offered; H7133 he shall not leave H3240 any of it until the morning. H1242
16 But if the sacrifice H2077 of his offering H7133 be a vow, H5088 or a voluntary offering, H5071 it shall be eaten H398 the same day H3117 that he offereth H7126 his sacrifice: H2077 and on the morrow H4283 also the remainder H3498 of it shall be eaten: H398
17 But the remainder H3498 of the flesh H1320 of the sacrifice H2077 on the third H7992 day H3117 shall be burnt H8313 with fire. H784
18 And if any of the flesh H1320 of the sacrifice H2077 of his peace offerings H8002 be eaten H398 at all H398 on the third H7992 day, H3117 it shall not be accepted, H7521 neither shall it be imputed H2803 unto him that offereth H7126 it: it shall be an abomination, H6292 and the soul H5315 that eateth H398 of it shall bear H5375 his iniquity. H5771
19 And the flesh H1320 that toucheth H5060 any unclean H2931 thing shall not be eaten; H398 it shall be burnt H8313 with fire: H784 and as for the flesh, H1320 all that be clean H2889 shall eat H398 thereof.
20 But the soul H5315 that eateth H398 of the flesh H1320 of the sacrifice H2077 of peace offerings, H8002 that pertain unto the LORD, H3068 having his uncleanness H2932 upon him, even that soul H5315 shall be cut off H3772 from his people. H5971
21 Moreover the soul H5315 that shall touch H5060 any unclean H2932 thing, as the uncleanness H2932 of man, H120 or any unclean H2931 beast, H929 or any abominable H8263 unclean H2931 thing, and eat H398 of the flesh H1320 of the sacrifice H2077 of peace offerings, H8002 which pertain unto the LORD, H3068 even that soul H5315 shall be cut off H3772 from his people. H5971
22 And the LORD H3068 spake H1696 unto Moses, H4872 saying, H559
23 Speak H1696 unto the children H1121 of Israel, H3478 saying, H559 Ye shall eat H398 no manner of fat, H2459 of ox, H7794 or of sheep, H3775 or of goat. H5795
24 And the fat H2459 of the beast that dieth of itself, H5038 and the fat H2459 of that which is torn with beasts, H2966 may be used H6213 in any other use: H4399 but ye shall in no wise H398 eat H398 of it.
25 For whosoever eateth H398 the fat H2459 of the beast, H929 of which men offer H7126 an offering made by fire H801 unto the LORD, H3068 even the soul H5315 that eateth H398 it shall be cut off H3772 from his people. H5971
26 Moreover ye shall eat H398 no manner of blood, H1818 whether it be of fowl H5775 or of beast, H929 in any of your dwellings. H4186
27 Whatsoever soul H5315 it be that eateth H398 any manner H3605 of blood, H1818 even that soul H5315 shall be cut off H3772 from his people. H5971
28 And the LORD H3068 spake H1696 unto Moses, H4872 saying, H559
29 Speak H1696 unto the children H1121 of Israel, H3478 saying, H559 He that offereth H7126 the sacrifice H2077 of his peace offerings H8002 unto the LORD H3068 shall bring H935 his oblation H7133 unto the LORD H3068 of the sacrifice H2077 of his peace offerings. H8002
30 His own hands H3027 shall bring H935 the offerings H801 of the LORD H3068 made by fire, H801 the fat H2459 with the breast, H2373 it shall he bring, H935 that the breast H2373 may be waved H5130 for a wave offering H8573 before H6440 the LORD. H3068
31 And the priest H3548 shall burn H6999 the fat H2459 upon the altar: H4196 but the breast H2373 shall be Aaron's H175 and his sons'. H1121
32 And the right H3225 shoulder H7785 shall ye give H5414 unto the priest H3548 for an heave offering H8641 of the sacrifices H2077 of your peace offerings. H8002
33 He among the sons H1121 of Aaron, H175 that offereth H7126 the blood H1818 of the peace offerings, H8002 and the fat, H2459 shall have the right H3225 shoulder H7785 for his part. H4490
34 For the wave H8573 breast H2373 and the heave H8641 shoulder H7785 have I taken H3947 of the children H1121 of Israel H3478 from off the sacrifices H2077 of their peace offerings, H8002 and have given H5414 them unto Aaron H175 the priest H3548 and unto his sons H1121 by a statute H2706 for ever H5769 from among the children H1121 of Israel. H3478
35 This is the portion of the anointing H4888 of Aaron, H175 and of the anointing H4888 of his sons, H1121 out of the offerings H801 of the LORD H3068 made by fire, H801 in the day H3117 when he presented H7126 them to minister unto the LORD H3068 in the priest's office; H3547
36 Which the LORD H3068 commanded H6680 to be given H5414 them of the children H1121 of Israel, H3478 in the day H3117 that he anointed H4886 them, by a statute H2708 for ever H5769 throughout their generations. H1755
37 This is the law H8451 of the burnt offering, H5930 of the meat offering, H4503 and of the sin offering, H2403 and of the trespass offering, H817 and of the consecrations, H4394 and of the sacrifice H2077 of the peace offerings; H8002
38 Which the LORD H3068 commanded H6680 Moses H4872 in mount H2022 Sinai, H5514 in the day H3117 that he commanded H6680 the children H1121 of Israel H3478 to offer H7126 their oblations H7133 unto the LORD, H3068 in the wilderness H4057 of Sinai. H5514
1 And this is the law of the trespass-offering: it is most holy.
2 In the place where they kill the burnt-offering shall they kill the trespass-offering; and the blood thereof shall he sprinkle upon the altar round about.
3 And he shall offer of it all the fat thereof: the fat tail, and the fat that covereth the inwards,
4 and the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is by the loins, and the caul upon the liver, with the kidneys, shall he take away;
5 and the priest shall burn them upon the altar for an offering made by fire unto Jehovah: it is a trespass-offering.
6 Every male among the priests shall eat thereof: it shall be eaten in a holy place: it is most holy.
7 As is the sin-offering, so is the trespass-offering; there is one law for them: the priest that maketh atonement therewith, he shall have it.
8 And the priest that offereth any man's burnt-offering, even the priest shall have to himself the skin of the burnt-offering which he hath offered.
9 And every meal-offering that is baken in the oven, and all that is dressed in the frying-pan, and on the baking-pan, shall be the priest's that offereth it.
10 And every meal-offering, mingled with oil, or dry, shall all the sons of Aaron have, one as well as another.
11 And this is the law of the sacrifice of peace-offerings, which one shall offer unto Jehovah.
12 If he offer it for a thanksgiving, then he shall offer with the sacrifice of thanksgiving unleavened cakes mingled with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil, and cakes mingled with oil, of fine flour soaked.
13 With cakes of leavened bread he shall offer his oblation with the sacrifice of his peace-offerings for thanksgiving.
14 And of it he shall offer one out of each oblation for a heave-offering unto Jehovah; it shall be the priest's that sprinkleth the blood of the peace-offerings.
15 And the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace-offerings for thanksgiving shall be eaten on the day of his oblation; he shall not leave any of it until the morning.
16 But if the sacrifice of his oblation be a vow, or a freewill-offering, it shall be eaten on the day that he offereth his sacrifice; and on the morrow that which remaineth of it shall be eaten:
17 but that which remaineth of the flesh of the sacrifice on the third day shall be burnt with fire.
18 And if any of the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace-offerings be eaten on the third day, it shall not be accepted, neither shall it be imputed unto him that offereth it: it shall be an abomination, and the soul that eateth of it shall bear his iniquity.
19 And the flesh that toucheth any unclean thing shall not be eaten; it shall be burnt with fire. And as for the flesh, every one that is clean shall eat thereof:
20 but the soul that eateth of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace-offerings, that pertain unto Jehovah, having his uncleanness upon him, that soul shall be cut off from his people.
21 And when any one shall touch any unclean thing, the uncleanness of man, or an unclean beast, or any unclean abomination, and eat of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace-offerings, which pertain unto Jehovah, that soul shall be cut off from his people.
22 And Jehovah spake unto Moses, saying,
23 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, Ye shall eat no fat, of ox, or sheep, or goat.
24 And the fat of that which dieth of itself, and the fat of that which is torn of beasts, may be used for any other service; but ye shall in no wise eat of it.
25 For whosoever eateth the fat of the beast, of which men offer an offering made by fire unto Jehovah, even the soul that eateth it shall be cut off from his people.
26 And ye shall eat no manner of blood, whether it be of bird or of beast, in any of your dwellings.
27 Whosoever it be that eateth any blood, that soul shall be cut off from his people.
28 And Jehovah spake unto Moses, saying,
29 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, He that offereth the sacrifice of his peace-offerings unto Jehovah shall bring his oblation unto Jehovah out of the sacrifice of his peace-offerings:
30 his own hands shall bring the offerings of Jehovah made by fire; the fat with the breast shall he bring, that the breast may be waved for a wave-offering before Jehovah.
31 And the priest shall burn the fat upon the altar; but the breast shall be Aaron's and his sons'.
32 And the right thigh shall ye give unto the priest for a heave-offering out of the sacrifices of your peace-offerings.
33 He among the sons of Aaron that offereth the blood of the peace-offerings, and the fat, shall have the right thigh for a portion.
34 For the wave-breast and the heave-thigh have I taken of the children of Israel out of the sacrifices of their peace-offerings, and have given them unto Aaron the priest and unto his sons as `their' portion for ever from the children of Israel.
35 This is the anointing-portion of Aaron, and the anointing-portion of his sons, out of the offerings of Jehovah made by fire, in the day when he presented them to minister unto Jehovah in the priest's office;
36 which Jehovah commanded to be given them of the children of Israel, in the day that he anointed them. It is `their' portion for ever throughout their generations.
37 This is the law of the burnt-offering, of the meal-offering, and of the sin-offering, and of the trespass-offering, and of the consecration, and of the sacrifice of peace-offerings;
38 which Jehovah commanded Moses in mount Sinai, in the day that he commanded the children of Israel to offer their oblations unto Jehovah, in the wilderness of Sinai.
1 `And this `is' a law of the guilt-offering: it `is' most holy;
2 in the place where they slaughter the burnt-offering they do slaughter the guilt-offering, and its blood `one' doth sprinkle on the altar round about,
3 and all its fat he bringeth near out of it, the fat tail, and the fat which is covering the inwards,
4 and the two kidneys, and the fat which `is' on them, which `is' on the flanks, and the redundance above the liver (beside the kidneys he doth turn it aside);
5 and the priest hath made them a perfume on the altar, a fire-offering to Jehovah; it `is' a guilt-offering.
6 `Every male among the priests doth eat it; in the holy place it is eaten -- it `is' most holy;
7 as `is' a sin-offering, so `is' a guilt-offering; one law `is' for them; the priest who maketh atonement by it -- it is his.
8 `And the priest who is bringing near any man's burnt-offering, the skin of the burnt-offering which he hath brought near, it is the priest's, his own;
9 and every present which is baked in an oven, and every one done in a frying-pan, and on a girdel, `is' the priest's who is bringing it near; it is his;
10 and every present, mixed with oil or dry, is for all the sons of Aaron -- one as another.
11 `And this `is' a law of the sacrifice of the peace-offerings which `one' bringeth near to Jehovah:
12 if for a thank-offering he bring it near, then he hath brought near with the sacrifice of thank-offering unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and thin unleavened cakes anointed with oil, and of fried flour cakes mixed with oil;
13 besides the cakes, fermented bread he doth bring near `with' his offering, besides the sacrifice of thank-offering of his peace-offerings;
14 and he hath brought near out of it one of the whole offering -- a heave-offering to Jehovah; to the priest who is sprinkling the blood of the peace-offerings -- it is his;
15 as to the flesh of the sacrifice of the thank-offering of his peace-offerings, in the day of his offering it is eaten; he doth not leave of it till morning.
16 `And if the sacrifice of his offering `is' a vow or free-will offering, in the day of his bringing near his sacrifice it is eaten; and on the morrow also the remnant of it is eaten;
17 and the remnant of the flesh of the sacrifice on the third day with fire is burnt;
18 and if any of the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace-offerings be really eaten on the third day, it is not pleasing; for him who is bringing it near it is not reckoned; it is an abominable thing, and the person who is eating of it his iniquity doth bear.
19 `And the flesh which cometh against any unclean thing is not eaten; with fire it is burnt; as to the flesh, every clean one doth eat of the flesh;
20 and the person who eateth of the flesh of the sacrifice of the peace-offerings which `are' Jehovah's, and his uncleanness upon him, even that person hath been cut off from his people.
21 `And when a person cometh against any thing unclean, of the uncleanness of man, or of the uncleanness of beasts, or of any unclean teeming creature, and hath eaten of the flesh of the sacrifice of the peace-offerings which `are' Jehovah's, even that person hath been cut off from his people.'
22 And Jehovah speaketh unto Moses, saying,
23 `Speak unto the sons of Israel, saying, Any fat of ox and sheep and goat ye do not eat;
24 and the fat of a carcase, and the fat of a torn thing is prepared for any work, but ye do certainly not eat it;
25 for whoever eateth the fat of the beast, of which `one' bringeth near a fire-offering to Jehovah, even the person who eateth hath been cut off from his people.
26 `And any blood ye do not eat in all your dwellings, of fowl, or of beast;
27 any person who eateth any blood, even that person hath been cut off from his people.'
28 And Jehovah speaketh unto Moses, saying,
29 `Speak unto the sons of Israel, saying, He who is bringing near the sacrifice of his peace-offerings to Jehovah doth bring in his offering to Jehovah from the sacrifice of his peace-offerings;
30 his own hands do bring in the fire-offerings of Jehovah, the fat beside the breast, it he doth bring in with the breast, to wave it -- a wave-offering before Jehovah.
31 `And the priest hath made perfume with the fat on the altar, and the breast hath been Aaron's and his sons;
32 and the right leg ye do make a heave-offering to the priest of the sacrifices of your peace-offerings;
33 he of the sons of Aaron who is bringing near the blood of the peace-offerings, and the fat, his is the right leg for a portion.
34 `For the breast of the wave-offering, and the leg of the heave-offering, I have taken from the sons of Israel, from the sacrifices of their peace-offerings, and I give them to Aaron the priest, and to his sons, by a statute age-during, from the sons of Israel.'
35 This `is' the anointing of Aaron, and the anointing of his sons out of the fire-offerings of Jehovah, in the day he hath brought them near to act as priest to Jehovah,
36 which Jehovah hath commanded to give to them in the day of His anointing them, from the sons of Israel -- a statute age-during to their generations.
37 This `is' the law for burnt-offering, for present, and for sin-offering, and for guilt-offering, and for consecrations, and for a sacrifice of the peace-offerings,
38 which Jehovah hath commanded Moses in Mount Sinai, in the day of his commanding the sons of Israel to bring near their offerings to Jehovah, in the wilderness of Sinai.
1 And this is the law of the trespass-offering -- it is most holy:
2 in the place where they slaughter the burnt-offering shall they slaughter the trespass-offering; and the blood thereof shall he sprinkle on the altar round about.
3 And he shall present of it all the fat thereof; the fat tail and the fat that covereth the inwards,
4 and the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is by the flanks, and the net above the liver, which he shall take away as far as the kidneys.
5 And the priest shall burn them on the altar, an offering by fire to Jehovah: it is a trespass-offering.
6 Every male among the priests shall eat thereof; in a holy place shall it be eaten: it is most holy.
7 As the sin-offering, so is the trespass-offering; [there shall] be one law for them: it shall be the priest's who maketh atonement therewith.
8 And [as to] the priest that presenteth any man's burnt-offering, the skin of the burnt-offering which he hath presented shall be the priest's for himself.
9 And every oblation that is baken in the oven, and all that is prepared in the cauldron and in the pan, shall be the priest's who offereth it; to him it shall belong.
10 And every oblation, mingled with oil, and dry, shall all the sons of Aaron have, one as the other.
11 And this is the law of the sacrifice of peace-offering, which [a man] shall present to Jehovah.
12 If he present it for a thanksgiving, then he shall present with the sacrifice of thanksgiving unleavened cakes mingled with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil, and fine flour saturated with oil, cakes mingled with oil.
13 Besides the cakes, he shall present his offering of leavened bread with the sacrifice of his peace-offering of thanksgiving.
14 And of it he shall present one out of the whole offering as a heave-offering to Jehovah; to the priest that sprinkleth the blood of the peace-offering, to him it shall belong.
15 And the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace-offering of thanksgiving shall be eaten the same day that it is presented; he shall not let any of it remain until the morning.
16 And if the sacrifice of his offering be a vow, or voluntary, it shall be eaten the same day that he presented his sacrifice; on the morrow also the remainder of it shall be eaten;
17 and the remainder of the flesh of the sacrifice on the third day shall be burned with fire.
18 And if [any] of the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace-offering be eaten at all on the third day, it shall not be accepted, it shall not be reckoned to him that hath presented it; it shall be an unclean thing, and the soul that eateth of it shall bear his iniquity.
19 And the flesh that toucheth anything unclean shall not be eaten; it shall be burned with fire. And as to the flesh, all that are clean may eat [the] flesh.
20 But the soul that eateth the flesh of the sacrifice of peace-offering which is for Jehovah, having his uncleanness upon him, that soul shall be cut off from his peoples.
21 And if any one touch anything unclean, the uncleanness of man, or unclean beast, or any unclean abomination, and eat of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace-offering, which is for Jehovah, that soul shall be cut off from his peoples.
22 And Jehovah spoke to Moses, saying,
23 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, No fat, of ox, or of sheep, or of goat shall ye eat.
24 But the fat of a dead carcase, and the fat of that which is torn, may be used in any other use; but ye shall in no wise eat it.
25 For whoever eateth the fat of the beast of which men present an offering by fire to Jehovah, the soul that hath eaten shall be cut off from his peoples.
26 And no blood shall ye eat in any of your dwellings, whether it be of fowl or of cattle.
27 Whatever soul it be that eateth any manner of blood, that soul shall be cut off from his peoples.
28 And Jehovah spoke to Moses, saying,
29 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, He that presenteth the sacrifice of his peace-offering to Jehovah shall bring his offering to Jehovah of the sacrifice of his peace-offering.
30 His own hands shall bring Jehovah's offerings by fire, the fat with the breast shall he bring: the breast, that it may be waved as a wave-offering before Jehovah.
31 And the priest shall burn the fat on the altar; and the breast shall be Aaron's and his sons'.
32 And the right shoulder of the sacrifices of your peace-offerings shall ye give as a heave-offering unto the priest.
33 He of the sons of Aaron that presenteth the blood of the peace-offerings, and the fat, shall have the right shoulder for [his] part.
34 For the breast of the wave-offering, and the shoulder of the heave-offering, have I taken of the children of Israel from the sacrifices of their peace-offerings, and have given them unto Aaron the priest and unto his sons from the children of Israel by an everlasting statute.
35 This is [the portion] of the anointing of Aaron and of the anointing of his sons, from Jehovah's offerings by fire, in the day [when] he presented them to serve Jehovah as priests,
36 which Jehovah commanded to be given them by the children of Israel in the day that he anointed them: [it is] an everlasting statute, throughout their generations.
37 This is the law of the burnt-offering, of the oblation, and of the sin-offering, and of the trespass-offering, and of the consecration-offering, and of the sacrifice of peace-offering,
38 which Jehovah commanded Moses in mount Sinai, in the day that he commanded the children of Israel to present their offerings to Jehovah, in the wilderness of Sinai.
1 "'This is the law of the trespass offering. It is most holy.
2 In the place where they kill the burnt offering, he shall kill the trespass offering; and its blood he shall sprinkle on the altar round about.
3 He shall offer all of its fat: the fat tail, and the fat that covers the innards,
4 and the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is by the loins, and the cover on the liver, with the kidneys, shall he take away;
5 and the priest shall burn them on the altar for an offering made by fire to Yahweh: it is a trespass offering.
6 Every male among the priests may eat of it. It shall be eaten in a holy place. It is most holy.
7 "'As is the sin offering, so is the trespass offering; there is one law for them. The priest who makes atonement with them shall have it.
8 The priest who offers any man's burnt offering, even the priest shall have for himself the skin of the burnt offering which he has offered.
9 Every meal offering that is baked in the oven, and all that is dressed in the frying pan, and on the baking pan, shall be the priest's who offers it.
10 Every meal offering, mixed with oil or dry, belongs to all the sons of Aaron, one as well as another.
11 "'This is the law of the sacrifice of peace offerings, which one shall offer to Yahweh.
12 If he offers it for a thanksgiving, then he shall offer with the sacrifice of thanksgiving unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil, and cakes mixed with oil.
13 With cakes of leavened bread he shall offer his offering with the sacrifice of his peace offerings for thanksgiving.
14 Of it he shall offer one out of each offering for a heave offering to Yahweh. It shall be the priest's who sprinkles the blood of the peace offerings.
15 The flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings for thanksgiving shall be eaten on the day of his offering. He shall not leave any of it until the morning.
16 "'But if the sacrifice of his offering is a vow, or a freewill offering, it shall be eaten on the day that he offers his sacrifice; and on the next day what remains of it shall be eaten:
17 but what remains of the flesh of the sacrifice on the third day shall be burned with fire.
18 If any of the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings is eaten on the third day, it will not be accepted, neither shall it be imputed to him who offers it. It will be an abomination, and the soul who eats any of it will bear his iniquity.
19 "'The flesh that touches any unclean thing shall not be eaten. It shall be burned with fire. As for the flesh, everyone who is clean may eat it;
20 but the soul who eats of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace offerings, that belongs to Yahweh, having his uncleanness on him, that soul shall be cut off from his people.
21 When anyone touches any unclean thing, the uncleanness of man, or an unclean animal, or any unclean abomination, and eats some of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace offerings, which belong to Yahweh, that soul shall be cut off from his people.'"
22 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
23 "Speak to the children of Israel, saying, 'You shall eat no fat, of ox, or sheep, or goat.
24 The fat of that which dies of itself, and the fat of that which is torn of animals, may be used for any other service, but you shall in no way eat of it.
25 For whoever eats the fat of the animal, of which men offer an offering made by fire to Yahweh, even the soul who eats it shall be cut off from his people.
26 You shall not eat any blood, whether it is of bird or of animal, in any of your dwellings.
27 Whoever it is who eats any blood, that soul shall be cut off from his people.'"
28 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
29 "Speak to the children of Israel, saying, 'He who offers the sacrifice of his peace offerings to Yahweh shall bring his offering to Yahweh out of the sacrifice of his peace offerings.
30 With his own hands he shall bring the offerings of Yahweh made by fire. He shall bring the fat with the breast, that the breast may be waved for a wave offering before Yahweh.
31 The priest shall burn the fat on the altar, but the breast shall be Aaron's and his sons'.
32 The right thigh you shall give to the priest for a heave offering out of the sacrifices of your peace offerings.
33 He among the sons of Aaron who offers the blood of the peace offerings, and the fat, shall have the right thigh for a portion.
34 For the waved breast and the heaved thigh I have taken from the children of Israel out of the sacrifices of their peace offerings, and have given them to Aaron the priest and to his sons as their portion forever from the children of Israel.'"
35 This is the anointing portion of Aaron, and the anointing portion of his sons, out of the offerings of Yahweh made by fire, in the day when he presented them to minister to Yahweh in the priest's office;
36 which Yahweh commanded to be given them of the children of Israel, in the day that he anointed them. It is their portion forever throughout their generations.
37 This is the law of the burnt offering, of the meal offering, and of the sin offering, and of the trespass offering, and of the consecration, and of the sacrifice of peace offerings;
38 which Yahweh commanded Moses in Mount Sinai, in the day that he commanded the children of Israel to offer their offerings to Yahweh, in the wilderness of Sinai.
1 And this is the law of the offering for wrongdoing: it is most holy.
2 They are to put to death the offering for wrongdoing in the same place as the burned offering; and the priest is to put the blood on and round the altar.
3 And all the fat of it, the fat tail and the fat covering the inside parts, is to be given as an offering.
4 And the two kidneys, and the fat on them, which is by the top of the legs, and the fat joining the liver and the kidneys, he is to take away:
5 They are to be burned by the priest on the altar for an offering made by fire to the Lord: it is an offering for wrongdoing.
6 Every male among the priests may have it as food in a holy place: it is most holy.
7 As is the sin-offering, so is the offering for wrongdoing; there is one law for them: the priest who makes the offering to take away sin, he is to have it.
8 And the priest offering any man's burned offering for him, may have the skin of the burned offering which is offered by him.
9 And every meal offering which is cooked in the oven and everything made in a cooking pot or on a flat plate, is for the priest by whom it is offered.
10 And every meal offering, mixed with oil or dry, is for all the sons of Aaron in equal measure.
11 And this is the law for the peace-offerings offered to the Lord.
12 If any man gives his offering as a praise-offering, then let him give with the offering, unleavened cakes mixed with oil and thin unleavened cakes covered with oil and cakes of the best meal well mixed with oil.
13 With his peace-offering let him give cakes of leavened bread, as a praise-offering.
14 And let him give one out of every offering to be lifted up before the Lord; that it may be for the priest who puts the blood of the peace-offering on the altar.
15 And the flesh of the praise-offering is to be taken as food on the day when it is offered; no part of it may be kept till the morning.
16 But if his offering is made because of an oath or given freely, it may be taken as food on the day when it is offered; and the rest may be used up on the day after:
17 But if any of the flesh of the offering is still unused on the third day, it is to be burned with fire.
18 And if any of the flesh of the peace-offering is taken as food on the third day, it will not be pleasing to God and will not be put to the account of him who gives it; it will be unclean and a cause of sin to him who takes it as food.
19 And flesh touched by any unclean thing may not be taken for food: it is to be burned with fire; and as for the flesh of the peace-offerings, everyone who is clean may take it as food:
20 But he who is unclean when he takes as food the flesh of the peace-offerings, which are the Lord's, will be cut off from his people.
21 And anyone who, after touching any unclean thing of man or an unclean beast or any unclean and disgusting thing, takes as food the flesh of the peace-offerings, which are the Lord's, will be cut off from his people.
22 And the Lord said to Moses,
23 Say to the children of Israel: You are not to take any fat, of ox or sheep or goat, for food.
24 And the fat of that which comes to a natural death, and the fat of that which is attacked by beasts, may be used for other purposes, but not in any way for food.
25 For anyone who takes as food the fat of any beast of which men make an offering by fire to the Lord, will be cut off from his people.
26 And you are not to take for food any blood, of bird or of beast, in any of your houses.
27 Whoever takes any blood for food will be cut off from his people.
28 And the Lord said to Moses,
29 Say to the children of Israel: He who makes a peace-offering to the Lord, is to give an offering to the Lord out of his peace-offering:
30 He himself is to take to the Lord the offering made by fire, even the fat with the breast, so that the breast may be waved for a wave offering before the Lord.
31 And the fat is to be burned by the priest on the altar, but the breast is for Aaron and his sons.
32 And the right leg you are to give to the priest for an offering to be lifted up out of what is given for your peace-offerings.
33 That man, among the sons of Aaron, by whom the blood of the peace-offering and the fat are offered, is to have the right leg for his part.
34 For the breast which is waved and the right leg which is lifted up on high I have taken from the children of Israel, from their peace-offerings, and have given them to Aaron the priest and to his sons as their right for ever from the children of Israel.
35 This is the holy part given to Aaron and to his sons, out of the offerings made to the Lord by fire, on the day when they were made priests before the Lord;
36 Which the Lord said the children of Israel were to give them, on the day when he made them his priests. It is their right for ever from generation to generation.
37 These are the laws for the burned offering, the meal offering, and the offering for wrongdoing; and for the making of priests, and for the giving of peace-offerings;
38 As they were given by the Lord to Moses on Mount Sinai, on the day when the Lord gave orders to the children of Israel to make their offerings to the Lord, in the waste land of Sinai.
Worthy.Bible » Commentaries » Keil & Delitzsch Commentary » Commentary on Leviticus 7
Commentary on Leviticus 7 Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
The Law of the Trespass-Offering embraces first of all the regulations as to the ceremonial connected with the presentation.
Leviticus 7:2
The slaughtering and sprinkling of the blood were the same as in the case of the burnt-offering (Leviticus 1:5); and therefore, no doubt, the signification was the same.
Leviticus 7:3-7
The fat portions only were to be burned upon the altar, viz., the same as in the sin and peace-offerings (see Leviticus 4:8 and Leviticus 3:9); but the flesh was to be eaten by the priests, as in the sin-offering (Leviticus 6:22), inasmuch as there was the same law in this respect for both the sin-offering and trespass-offering; and these parts of the sacrificial service must therefore have had the same meaning, every trespass being a sin (see Leviticus 6:26). - Certain analogous instructions respecting the burnt-offering and meat-offering are appended in Leviticus 7:8-10 by way of supplement, as they ought properly to have been given in ch. 6, in the laws relating to the sacrifices in question.
Leviticus 7:8-10
In the case of the burnt-offering, the skin of the animal was to fall to the lot of the officiating priest, viz., as payment for his services. הכּהן is construed absolutely: “ as for the priest, who offereth - the skin of the burnt-offering which he offereth shall belong to the priest ” (for “ to him ”). This was probably the case also with the trespass-offerings and sin-offerings of the laity; whereas the skin of the peace-offerings belonged to the owner of the animal (see Mishnah, Sebach. 12, 3). - In Leviticus 7:9, Leviticus 7:10, the following law is laid down with reference to the meat-offering, that everything baked in the oven, and everything prepared in a pot or pan, was to belong to the priest, who burned a portion of it upon the altar; and that everything mixed with oil and everything dry was to belong to all the sons of Aaron, i.e., to all the priests, to one as much as another, so that they were all to receive an equal share. The reason for this distinction is not very clear. That all the meat-offerings described in ch. 2 should fall to the sons of Aaron (i.e., to the priests), with the exception of that portion which was burned upon the altar as an azcarah, followed from the fact that they were most holy (see at Leviticus 2:3). As the meat-offerings, which consisted of pastry, and were offered in the form of prepared food (Leviticus 7:9), are the same as those described in Leviticus 2:4-8, it is evident that by those mentioned in Leviticus 2:10 we are to understand the kinds described in Leviticus 2:1-3 and Leviticus 2:14-16, and by the “dry,” primarily the קלוּי אביב , which consisted of dried grains, to which oil was to be added ( נתן Leviticus 2:15), though not poured upon it, as in the case of the offering of flour (Leviticus 2:1), and probably also in that of the sin-offerings and jealousy-offerings (Leviticus 5:11, and Numbers 5:15), which consisted simply of flour (without oil). The reason therefore why those which consisted of cake and pastry fell to the lot of the officiating priest, and those which consisted of flour mixed with oil, of dry corn, or of simple flour, were divided among all the priests, was probably simply this, that the former were for the most part offered only under special circumstances, and then merely in small quantities, whereas the latter were the ordinary forms in which the meat-offerings were presented, and amounted to more than the officiating priests could possibly consume, or dispose of by themselves.
The Law of the Peace-Offerings, “ which he shall offer to Jehovah ” (the subject is to be supplied from the verb), contains instructions, (1) as to the bloodless accompaniment to these sacrifices (Leviticus 7:12-14), (2) as to the eating of the flesh of the sacrifices (Leviticus 7:15-21), with the prohibition against eating fat and blood (Leviticus 7:22-27), and (3) as to Jehovah's share of these sacrifices (Leviticus 7:28-36). - In Leviticus 7:12 and Leviticus 7:16 three classes of shelamim are mentioned, which differ according to their occasion and design, viz., whether they were brought על־תּודה , upon the ground of praise, i.e., to praise God for blessings received or desired, or as vow-offerings, or thirdly, as freewill-offerings (Leviticus 7:16). To (lit., upon, in addition to) the sacrifice of thanksgiving (Leviticus 7:12, “sacrifice of thanksgiving of his peace-offerings,” Leviticus 7:13 and Leviticus 7:15) they were to present “ unleavened cakes kneaded with oil, and flat cakes anointed with oil (see at Leviticus 2:4), and roasted fine flour (see Leviticus 6:14) mixed as cakes with oil, ” i.e., cakes made of fine flour roasted with oil, and thoroughly kneaded with oil (on the construction, see Ges. §139, 2; Ewald §284 a ). This last kind of cakes kneaded with oil is also called oil-bread-cake (“a cake of oiled bread,” Leviticus 8:26; Exodus 29:23), or “cake unleavened, kneaded with oil” (Exodus 29:2), and probably differed from the former simply in the fact that it was more thoroughly saturated with oil, inasmuch as it was not only made of flour that had been mixed with oil in the kneading, but the flour itself was first of all roasted in oil, and then the dough was moistened still further with oil in the process of kneading.
This sacrificial gift the offerer was to present upon, or along with, cakes of leavened bread (round, leavened bread-cakes), and to offer “ thereof one out of the whole oblation, ” namely, one cake of each of the three kinds mentioned in Leviticus 7:12, as a heave-offering for Jehovah, which was to fall to the priest who sprinkled the blood of the peace-offering. According to Leviticus 2:9, an azcarah of the unleavened pastry was burned upon the altar, although this is not specially mentioned here any more than at Leviticus 7:9 and Leviticus 7:10; whereas none of the leavened bread-cake was placed upon the altar (Leviticus 2:12), but it was simply used as bread for the sacrificial meal. There is nothing here to suggest an allusion to the custom of offering unleavened sacrificial cakes upon a plate of leavened dough, as J. D. Michaelis, Winer, and others suppose.
The flesh of the praise-offering was to be eaten on the day of presentation, and none of it was to be left till the next morning (cf. Leviticus 22:29-30); but that of the vow and freewill-offerings might be eaten on both the first and second days. Whatever remained after that was to be burnt on the third day, i.e., to be destroyed by burning. If any was eaten on the third day, it was not well-pleasing ( ירצה “good pleasure,” see Leviticus 1:4), and was “ not reckoned to the offerer, ” sc., as a sacrifice well-pleasing to God; it was “ an abomination .” פּגּוּל , an abomination, is only applied to the flesh of the sacrifices (Leviticus 19:7; Ezekiel 4:14; Isaiah 65:4), and signifies properly a stench; - compare the talmudic word פּגּל faetidum reddere . Whoever ate thereof would bear his sin (see Leviticus 5:1). “ The soul that eateth ” is not to be restricted, as Knobel supposes, to the other participators in the sacrificial meal, but applies to the offerer also, in fact to every one who partook of such flesh. The burning on the third day was commanded, not to compel the offerer to invite the poor to share in the meal ( Theodoret , Clericus , etc.), but to guard against the danger of a desecration of the meal. The sacrificial flesh was holy (Exodus 29:34); and in Leviticus 19:8, where this command is repeated,
(Note: There is no foundation for Knobel's assertion, that in Leviticus 19:5. another early lawgiver introduces a milder regulation with regard to the thank-offering, and allows all the thank-offerings to be eaten on the second day. For Leviticus 19:5. does not profess to lay down a universal rule with regard to all the thank-offerings, but presupposes our law, and simply enforces its regulations with regard to the vow and freewill-offerings, and threatens transgressors with severe punishment.)
eating it on the third day is called a profanation of that which was holy to Jehovah, and ordered to be punished with extermination. It became a desecration of what was holy, through the fact that in warm countries, if flesh is not most carefully preserved by artificial means, it begins to putrefy, or becomes offensive ( פּגּוּל ) on the third day. But to eat flesh that was putrid or stinking, would be like eating unclean carrion, or the נבלה with which putrid flesh is associated in Ezekiel 4:14. It was for this reason that burning was commanded, as Philo ( de vict. p. 842) and Maimonides ( More Neboch iii. 46) admit; though the former also associates with this the purpose mentioned above, which we decidedly reject (cf. Outram l.c. p. 185 seq., and Bähr, ii. pp. 375-6).
In the same way all sacrificial flesh that had come into contact with what was unclean, and been defiled in consequence, was to be burned and not eaten. Leviticus 7:19 , which is not found in the Septuagint and Vulgate, reads thus: “ and as for the flesh, every clean person shall eat flesh, ” i.e., take part in the sacrificial meal.
On the other hand, “ the soul which eats flesh of the peace-offering, and his uncleanness is upon him (for “whilst uncleanness is upon him;” the suffix is to be understood as referring to נפשׁ construed as a masculine, see Leviticus 2:1), “ shall be cut off ” (see Genesis 17:14). This was to be done, whether the uncleanness arose from contact with an unclean object (any unclean thing), or from the uncleanness of man (cf. ch. 12-15), or from an unclean beast (see at Leviticus 11:4-8), or from any other unclean abomination. שׁקץ , abomination, includes the unclean fishes, birds, and smaller animals, to which this expression is applied in Lev 11:10-42 (cf. Ezekiel 8:10 and Isaiah 66:17). Moreover contact with animals that were pronounced unclean so far as eating was concerned, did not produce uncleanness so long as they were alive, or if they had been put to death by man; but contact with animals that had died a natural death, whether they belonged to the edible animals or not, that is to say, with carrion (see at Leviticus 11:8).
There is appended to these regulations, as being substantially connected with them, the prohibition of fat and blood as articles of food (Leviticus 7:22-27). By “ the fat of ox, or of sheep, or of goat, ” i.e., the three kinds of animals used in sacrifice, or “ the fat of the beast of which men offer a firing to Jehovah ” (Leviticus 7:25), we are to understand only those portions of fat which are mentioned in Leviticus 3:3-4, Leviticus 3:9; not fat which grows in with the flesh, nor the fat portions of other animals, which were clean but not allowed as sacrifices, such as the stag, the antelope, and other kinds of game.
The fat of cattle that had fallen ( נבלה ), or been torn to pieces (viz., by beasts of prey), was not to be eaten, because it was unclean and defiled the eater (Leviticus 17:15; Leviticus 22:8); but it might be applied “ to all kinds of uses, ” i.e., to the common purposes of ordinary life. Knobel observes on this, that “in the case of oxen, sheep, and goats slain in the regular way, this was evidently not allowable. But the law does not say what was to be done with the fat of these animals.” Certainly it does not disertis verbis; but indirectly it does so clearly enough. According to Leviticus 17:3., during the journey through the desert any one who wanted to slaughter an ox, sheep, or goat was to bring the animal to the tabernacle as a sacrificial gift, that the blood might be sprinkled against the altar, and the fat burned upon it. By this regulation every ordinary slaughtering was raised into a sacrifice, and the law determined what was to be done with the fat. Now if afterwards, when the people dwelt in Canaan, cattle were allowed to be slaughtered in any place, and the only prohibition repeated was that against eating blood (Deuteronomy 12:15-16, Deuteronomy 12:21.), whilst the law against eating fat was not renewed; it follows as a matter of course, that when the custom of slaughtering at the tabernacle was restricted to actual sacrifices, the prohibition against eating the fat portions came to an end, so far as those animals were concerned with were slain for consumption and not as sacrifices. The reason for prohibiting fat from being eaten was simply this, that so long as every slaughtering was a sacrifice, the fat portions, which were to be handed over to Jehovah and burned upon the altar, were not to be devoted to earthly purposes, because they were gifts sanctified to God. The eating of the fat, therefore, was neither prohibited on sanitary or social grounds, viz., because fat was injurious to health, as Maimonides and other Rabbins maintain, nor for the purpose of promoting the cultivation of olives, as Michaelis supposes, nor to prevent its being put into the unclean mouth of man, as Knobel imagines; but as being an illegal appropriation of what was sanctified to God, a wicked invasion of the rights of Jehovah, which was to be punished with extermination according to the analogy of Numbers 15:30-31. The prohibition of blood in Leviticus 7:26, Leviticus 7:27, extends to birds and cattle; fishes not being mentioned, because the little blood which they possess is not generally eaten. This prohibition Israel was to observe in all its dwelling-places (Exodus 12:20, cf. Leviticus 17:10), not only so long as all the slaughterings had the character of sacrifices, but for all ages, because the blood was regarded as the soul of the animal, which God had sanctified as the medium of atonement for the soul of man (Leviticus 17:11), whereby the blood acquired a much higher degree of holiness than the fat.
Jehovah's share of the peace-offerings . - Leviticus 7:29. The offerer of the sacrifice was to bring his gift ( corban ) to Jehovah, i.e., to bring to the altar the portion which belonged to Jehovah.
His hands were to bring the firings of Jehovah, i.e., the portions to be burned upon the altar (Leviticus 1:9), viz., “ the fat (the fat portions, Leviticus 3:3-4) with the breast, ” - the former to be burned upon the altar, the latter “ to wave as a wave-offering before Jehovah .” חזה , τὸ στηθύνιον (lxx), i.e., according to Pollux , τῶν στηθῶν τὸ μέσον , pectusculum or pectus ( Vulg . cf. Leviticus 9:20-21; Leviticus 10:15), signifies the breast, the breast-piece of the sacrificial animals,
(Note: The etymology of the word is obscure. According to Winer, Gesenius, and others, it signifies adspectui patens; whilst Meier and Knobel regard it as meaning literally the division, or middle-piece; and Dietrich attributes to it the fundamental signification, “to be moved,” viz., the breast, as being the part moved by the heart.)
the brisket, which consists for the most part of cartilaginous fat in the case of oxen, sheep, and goats, and is one of the most savoury parts; so that at the family festivities of the ancients, according to Athen. Deipnos . ii. 70, ix. 10, στηθύνια παχέων ἀρνίων were dainty bits. The breast-piece was presented to the Lord as a wave-offering ( tenuphah ), and transferred by Him to Aaron and his sons (the priests). תּנוּפה , from נוּף , הניף , to swing, to move to and fro (see Exodus 35:22), is the name applied to a ceremony peculiar to the peace-offerings and the consecration-offerings: the priest laid the object to be waved upon the hands of the offerer, and then placed his own hands underneath, and moved the hands of the offerer backwards and forwards in a horizontal direction, to indicate by the movement forwards, i.e., in the direction towards the altar, the presentation of the sacrifice, or the symbolical transference of it to God, and by the movement backwards, the reception of it back again, as a present which God handed over to His servants the priests.
(Note: In the Talmud (cf. Gemar. Kiddush 36, 2, Gem. Succa 37, 2, and Tosaphta Menach. 7, 17), which Maimonides and Rashi follow, tenuphah is correctly interpreted ducebat et reducebat; but some of the later Rabbins (vid., Outram ut sup .) make it out to have been a movement in the direction of the four quarters of the heavens, and Witsius and others find an allusion in this to the omnipresence of God-an allusion which is quite out of character with the occasion.)
In the peace-offerings the waving was performed with the breast-piece, which was called the “ wave-breast ” in consequence (Leviticus 7:34; Leviticus 10:14-15; Numbers 6:20; Numbers 18:18; Exodus 29:27). At the consecration of the priests it was performed with the fat portions, the right leg, and with some cakes, as well as with the breast of the fill-offering (Leviticus 8:25-29; Exodus 29:22-26). The ceremony of waving was also carried out with the sheaf of first-fruits at the feast of Passover; with the loaves of the first-fruits, and thank-offering lambs, at the feast of Pentecost (Leviticus 23:11, Leviticus 23:20); with the shoulder and meat-offering of the Nazarite (Numbers 6:20); with the trespass-offering of the leper (Leviticus 14:12, Leviticus 14:24); with the jealousy-offering (Numbers 5:25); and lastly with the Levites, at their consecration (Numbers 8:11.). In the case of all these sacrifices, the object waved, after it had been offered symbolically to the Lord by means of the waving, became the property of the priests. But of the lambs, which were waved at the feast of Pentecost before they were slaughtered, and of the lamb which was brought as a trespass-offering by the leper, the blood and fat were given up to the altar-fire; of the jealousy-offering, only an azcarah ; and of the fill-offering, for special reasons, the fat portions and leg, as well as the cakes. Even the Levites were given by Jehovah to the priests to be their own (Numbers 8:19). The waving, therefore, had nothing in common with the porricere of the Romans, as the portions of the sacrifices which were called porriciae were precisely those which were not only given up to the gods, but burned upon the altars. In addition to the wave-breast, which the Lord gave up to His servants as their share of the peace-offerings, the officiating priest was also to receive for his portion the right leg as a terumah , or heave-offering, or lifting off. שׁוק is the thigh in the case of a man (Isaiah 47:2; Song of Solomon 5:15), and therefore in the case of an animal it is not the fore-leg, or shoulder ( βραχηίων , armus ), which is called זרע , or the arm (Numbers 6:19; Deuteronomy 18:3), but the hind-leg, or rather the upper part of it or ham, which is mentioned in 1 Samuel 9:24 as a peculiarly choice portion ( Knobel ). As a portion lifted off from the sacrificial gifts, it is often called “the heave-leg ” (v. 34; Leviticus 10:14-15; Numbers 6:20; Exodus 29:27), because it was lifted or heaved off from the sacrificial animal, as a gift of honour for the officiating priest, but without being waved like the breast-piece-though the more general phrase, “to wave a wave-offering before Jehovah” (Leviticus 10:15), includes the offering of the heave-leg (see my Archaeologie i. pp. 244-5).
The wave-breast and heave-leg Jehovah had taken of the children of Israel, from off the sacrifices of their peace-offerings: i.e., had imposed it upon them as tribute, and had given them to Aaron and his sons, i.e., to the priests, “as a statute for ever,” - in other words, as a right which they could claim of the Israelites for all ages (cf. Exodus 27:21). - With Leviticus 7:35, Leviticus 7:36, the instructions concerning the peace-offerings are brought to a close. “ This (the wave-breast and heave-leg) is the share of Aaron and his sons from the firings of Jehovah in the day (i.e., which Jehovah assigned to them in the day) when He caused them to draw near to become priests to Jehovah, ” i.e., according to the explanation in Leviticus 7:36, “ in the day of their anointing. ” The word משׁחה in Leviticus 7:35, like משׁחה in Numbers 18:8, signifies not “ anointing ,” but share, portio , literally a measuring off, as in Aramaean and Arabic, from משׁח to stroke the hand over anything, to measure, or measure off.
The fulness with which every point in the sacrificial meal is laid down, helps to confirm the significance of the peace-offerings, as already implied in the name זבח sacrificial slaughtering, slain-offering, viz., as indicating that they were intended for, and culminated in a liturgical meal. By placing his hand upon the head of the animal, which had been brought to the altar of Jehovah for the purpose, the offerer signified that with this gift, which served to nourish and strengthen his own life, he gave up the substance of his life to the Lord, that he might thereby be strengthened both body and soul for a holy walk and conversation. To this end he slaughtered the victim and had the blood sprinkled by the priest against the altar, and the fat portions burned upon it, that in these altar-gifts his soul and his inner man might be grounded afresh in the gracious fellowship of the Lord. He then handed over the breast-piece by the process of waving, also the right leg, and a sacrificial cake of each kind, as a heave-offering from the whole to the Lord, who transferred these portions to the priests as His servants, that they might take part as His representatives in the sacrificial meal. In consequence of this participation of the priests, the feast, which the offerer of the sacrifice prepared for himself and his family from the rest of the flesh, became a holy covenant meal, a meal of love and joy, which represented domestic fellowship with the Lord, and thus shadowed forth, on the one hand, rejoicing before the Lord (Deuteronomy 12:12, Deuteronomy 12:18), and on the other, the blessedness of eating and drinking in the kingdom of God (Luke 13:15; Luke 22:30). Through the fact that one portion was given up to the Lord, the earthly food was sanctified as a symbol of the true spiritual food, with which the Lord satisfies and refreshes the citizens of His kingdom. This religious aspect of the sacrificial meal will explain the instructions given, viz., that not only the flesh itself, but those who took part in the meal, were all to be clean, and that whatever remained of the flesh was to be burned, on the second or third day respectively, that it might not pass into a state of decomposition. The burning took place a day earlier in the case of the praise-offering than in that of the vow and freewill-offerings, of which the offerer was allowed a longer enjoyment, because they were the products of his own spontaneity, which covered any defect that might attach to the gift itself.
With Leviticus 7:37 and Leviticus 7:38 the whole of the sacrificial law (ch. 1-7) is brought to a close. Among the sacrifices appointed, the fill-offering ( המּלּוּאים ) is also mentioned here; though it is not first instituted in these chapters, but in Exodus 29:19-20 (Exodus 29:22, Exodus 29:26, Exodus 29:27, Exodus 29:31). The name may be explained from the phrase to “ fill the hand ,” which is not used in the sense of installing a man, or giving him authority, like בּיד נתן “commit into his hand” in Isaiah 22:21 ( Knobel ), but was applied primarily to the ceremony of consecrating the priests, as described in Leviticus 8:25., and was restricted to the idea of investiture with the priesthood (cf. Leviticus 8:33; Leviticus 16:32; Exodus 28:41; Exodus 29:9, Exodus 29:29, Exodus 29:33, Exodus 29:35; Numbers 3:3; Judges 17:5, Judges 17:12). This gave rise to the expression “to fill the hand for Jehovah,” i.e., to provide something to offer to Jehovah (1 Chronicles 29:5; 2 Chronicles 29:31, cf. Exodus 32:29). Hence מלּוּאים denotes the filling of the hand with sacrificial gifts to be offered to Jehovah, and as used primarily of the particular sacrifice through which the priests were symbolically invested at their consecration with the gifts they were to offer, and were empowered, by virtue of this investiture, to officiate at the sacrifices; and secondly , in a less restricted sense, of priestly consecration generally (Leviticus 8:33, “the days of your consecration”). The allusion to the place in Leviticus 7:38, viz., “ in the wilderness of Sinai, ” points on the one hand back to Exodus 19:1, and on the other hand forward to Numbers 26:63-64, and Numbers 36:13, “ in the plains of Moab ” (cf. Numbers 1:1, Numbers 1:19, etc.).
The sacrificial law, therefore, with the five species of sacrifices which it enjoins, embraces every aspect in which Israel was to manifest its true relation to the Lord its God. Whilst the sanctification of the whole man in self-surrender to the Lord was shadowed forth in the burnt-offerings, the fruits of this sanctification in the meat-offerings, and the blessedness of the possession and enjoyment of saving grace in the peace-offerings, the expiatory sacrifices furnished the means of removing the barrier which sins and trespasses had set up between the sinner and the holy God, and procured the forgiveness of sin and guilt, so that the sinner could attain once more to the unrestricted enjoyment of the covenant grace. For, provided only that the people of God drew near to their God with sacrificial gifts, in obedience to His commandments and in firm reliance upon His word, which had connected the forgiveness of sin, strength for sanctification, and the peace of fellowship with Him, with these manifestations of their piety, the offerers would receive in truth the blessings promised them by the Lord. Nevertheless these sacrifices could not make those who drew near to God with them and in them “perfect as pertaining to the conscience” (Hebrews 9:9; Hebrews 10:1), because the blood of bulls and of goats could not possibly take away sin (Hebrews 10:4). The forgiveness of sin which the atoning sacrifices procured, was only a πάρεσις of past sins through the forbearance of God (Romans 3:25-26), in anticipation of the true sacrifice of Christ, of which the animal sacrifices were only a type, and by which the justice of God is satisfied, and the way opened fore the full forgiveness of sin and complete reconciliation with God. So also the sanctification and fellowship set forth by the burnt-offerings and peace-offerings, were simply a sanctification of the fellowship already established by the covenant of the law between Israel and its covenant God, which pointed forward to the true sanctification and blessedness that grow out of the righteousness of faith, and expand through the operation of the Holy Spirit into the true righteousness and blessedness of the divine peace of reconciliation. The effect of the sacrifices was in harmony with the nature of the old covenant. The fellowship with God, established by this covenant, was simply a faint copy of that true and living fellowship with God, which consists in God's dwelling in our hearts through His Spirit, transforming our spirit, soul, and body more and more into His own image and His divine nature, and making us partakers of the glory and blessedness of His divine life. However intimately the infinite and holy God connected Himself with His people in the earthly sanctuary of the tabernacle and the altar of burnt-offering, yet so long as this sanctuary stood, the God who was enthroned in the most holy place was separated by the veil from His people, who could only appear before Him in the fore-court, as a proof that the sin which separates unholy man from the holy God had not yet been taken out of the way. Just as the old covenant generally was not intended to secure redemption from sin, but the law was designed to produce the knowledge of sin; so the desire for reconciliation with God was not to be truly satisfied by its sacrificial ordinances, but a desire was to be awakened for that true sacrifice which cleanses from all sins, and the way to be prepared for the appearing of the Son of God, who would exalt the shadows of the Mosaic sacrifices into a substantial reality by giving up His own life as a propitiation for the sins of the whole world, and thus through the one offering of His own holy body would perfect all the manifold sacrifices of the Old Testament economy.