1 The proverbs of Solomon. A wise son maketh a glad father: but a foolish son is the heaviness of his mother.
2 Treasures of wickedness profit nothing: but righteousness delivereth from death.
3 The LORD will not suffer the soul of the righteous to famish: but he casteth away the substance of the wicked.
4 He becometh poor that dealeth with a slack hand: but the hand of the diligent maketh rich.
5 He that gathereth in summer is a wise son: but he that sleepeth in harvest is a son that causeth shame.
6 Blessings are upon the head of the just: but violence covereth the mouth of the wicked.
7 The memory of the just is blessed: but the name of the wicked shall rot.
8 The wise in heart will receive commandments: but a prating fool shall fall.
9 He that walketh uprightly walketh surely: but he that perverteth his ways shall be known.
10 He that winketh with the eye causeth sorrow: but a prating fool shall fall.
11 The mouth of a righteous man is a well of life: but violence covereth the mouth of the wicked.
12 Hatred stirreth up strifes: but love covereth all sins.
13 In the lips of him that hath understanding wisdom is found: but a rod is for the back of him that is void of understanding.
14 Wise men lay up knowledge: but the mouth of the foolish is near destruction.
15 The rich man's wealth is his strong city: the destruction of the poor is their poverty.
16 The labour of the righteous tendeth to life: the fruit of the wicked to sin.
17 He is in the way of life that keepeth instruction: but he that refuseth reproof erreth.
18 He that hideth hatred with lying lips, and he that uttereth a slander, is a fool.
19 In the multitude of words there wanteth not sin: but he that refraineth his lips is wise.
20 The tongue of the just is as choice silver: the heart of the wicked is little worth.
21 The lips of the righteous feed many: but fools die for want of wisdom.
22 The blessing of the LORD, it maketh rich, and he addeth no sorrow with it.
23 It is as sport to a fool to do mischief: but a man of understanding hath wisdom.
24 The fear of the wicked, it shall come upon him: but the desire of the righteous shall be granted.
25 As the whirlwind passeth, so is the wicked no more: but the righteous is an everlasting foundation.
26 As vinegar to the teeth, and as smoke to the eyes, so is the sluggard to them that send him.
27 The fear of the LORD prolongeth days: but the years of the wicked shall be shortened.
28 The hope of the righteous shall be gladness: but the expectation of the wicked shall perish.
29 The way of the LORD is strength to the upright: but destruction shall be to the workers of iniquity.
30 The righteous shall never be removed: but the wicked shall not inhabit the earth.
31 The mouth of the just bringeth forth wisdom: but the froward tongue shall be cut out.
32 The lips of the righteous know what is acceptable: but the mouth of the wicked speaketh frowardness.
1 The proverbs H4912 of Solomon. H8010 A wise H2450 son H1121 maketh a glad H8055 father: H1 but a foolish H3684 son H1121 is the heaviness H8424 of his mother. H517
2 Treasures H214 of wickedness H7562 profit H3276 nothing: but righteousness H6666 delivereth H5337 from death. H4194
3 The LORD H3068 will not suffer H7456 the soul H5315 of the righteous H6662 to famish: H7456 but he casteth away H1920 the substance H1942 of the wicked. H7563
4 He becometh poor H7326 that dealeth H6213 with a slack H7423 hand: H3709 but the hand H3027 of the diligent H2742 maketh rich. H6238
5 He that gathereth H103 in summer H7019 is a wise H7919 son: H1121 but he that sleepeth H7290 in harvest H7105 is a son H1121 that causeth shame. H954
6 Blessings H1293 are upon the head H7218 of the just: H6662 but violence H2555 covereth H3680 the mouth H6310 of the wicked. H7563
7 The memory H2143 of the just H6662 is blessed: H1293 but the name H8034 of the wicked H7563 shall rot. H7537
8 The wise H2450 in heart H3820 will receive H3947 commandments: H4687 but a prating H8193 fool H191 shall fall. H3832
9 He that walketh H3212 uprightly H8537 walketh H1980 surely: H983 but he that perverteth H6140 his ways H1870 shall be known. H3045
10 He that winketh H7169 with the eye H5869 causeth H5414 sorrow: H6094 but a prating H8193 fool H191 shall fall. H3832
11 The mouth H6310 of a righteous H6662 man is a well H4726 of life: H2416 but violence H2555 covereth H3680 the mouth H6310 of the wicked. H7563
12 Hatred H8135 stirreth up H5782 strifes: H4090 but love H160 covereth H3680 all sins. H6588
13 In the lips H8193 of him that hath understanding H995 wisdom H2451 is found: H4672 but a rod H7626 is for the back H1460 of him that is void H2638 of understanding. H3820
14 Wise H2450 men lay up H6845 knowledge: H1847 but the mouth H6310 of the foolish H191 is near H7138 destruction. H4288
15 The rich man's H6223 wealth H1952 is his strong H5797 city: H7151 the destruction H4288 of the poor H1800 is their poverty. H7389
16 The labour H6468 of the righteous H6662 tendeth to life: H2416 the fruit H8393 of the wicked H7563 to sin. H2403
17 He is in the way H734 of life H2416 that keepeth H8104 instruction: H4148 but he that refuseth H5800 reproof H8433 erreth. H8582
18 He that hideth H3680 hatred H8135 with lying H8267 lips, H8193 and he that uttereth H3318 a slander, H1681 is a fool. H3684
19 In the multitude H7230 of words H1697 there wanteth H2308 not sin: H6588 but he that refraineth H2820 his lips H8193 is wise. H7919
20 The tongue H3956 of the just H6662 is as choice H977 silver: H3701 the heart H3820 of the wicked H7563 is little worth. H4592
21 The lips H8193 of the righteous H6662 feed H7462 many: H7227 but fools H191 die H4191 for want H2638 of wisdom. H3820
22 The blessing H1293 of the LORD, H3068 it maketh rich, H6238 and he addeth H3254 no sorrow H6089 with it.
23 It is as sport H7814 to a fool H3684 to do H6213 mischief: H2154 but a man H376 of understanding H8394 hath wisdom. H2451
24 The fear H4034 of the wicked, H7563 it shall come H935 upon him: but the desire H8378 of the righteous H6662 shall be granted. H5414
25 As the whirlwind H5492 passeth, H5674 so is the wicked H7563 no more: but the righteous H6662 is an everlasting H5769 foundation. H3247
26 As vinegar H2558 to the teeth, H8127 and as smoke H6227 to the eyes, H5869 so is the sluggard H6102 to them that send H7971 him.
27 The fear H3374 of the LORD H3068 prolongeth H3254 days: H3117 but the years H8141 of the wicked H7563 shall be shortened. H7114
28 The hope H8431 of the righteous H6662 shall be gladness: H8057 but the expectation H8615 of the wicked H7563 shall perish. H6
29 The way H1870 of the LORD H3068 is strength H4581 to the upright: H8537 but destruction H4288 shall be to the workers H6466 of iniquity. H205
30 The righteous H6662 shall never H5769 be removed: H4131 but the wicked H7563 shall not inhabit H7931 the earth. H776
31 The mouth H6310 of the just H6662 bringeth forth H5107 wisdom: H2451 but the froward H8419 tongue H3956 shall be cut out. H3772
32 The lips H8193 of the righteous H6662 know H3045 what is acceptable: H7522 but the mouth H6310 of the wicked H7563 speaketh frowardness. H8419
1 The proverbs of Solomon. A wise son maketh a glad father; But a foolish son is the heaviness of his mother.
2 Treasures of wickedness profit nothing; But righteousness delivereth from death.
3 Jehovah will not suffer the soul of the righteous to famish; But he thrusteth away the desire of the wicked.
4 He becometh poor that worketh with a slack hand; But the hand of the diligent maketh rich.
5 He that gathereth in summer is a wise son; `But' he that sleepeth in harvest is a son that causeth shame.
6 Blessings are upon the head of the righteous; But violence covereth the mouth of the wicked.
7 The memory of the righteous is blessed; But the name of the wicked shall rot.
8 The wise in heart will receive commandments; But a prating fool shall fall.
9 He that walketh uprightly walketh surely; But he that perverteth his ways shall be known.
10 He that winketh with the eye causeth sorrow; But a prating fool shall fall.
11 The mouth of the righteous is a fountain of life; But violence covereth the mouth of the wicked.
12 Hatred stirreth up strifes; But love covereth all transgressions.
13 In the lips of him that hath discernment wisdom is found; But a rod is for the back of him that is void of understanding.
14 Wise men lay up knowledge; But the mouth of the foolish is a present destruction.
15 The rich man's wealth is his strong city: The destruction of the poor is their poverty.
16 The labor of the righteous `tendeth' to life; The increase of the wicked, to sin.
17 He is in the way of life that heedeth correction; But he that forsaketh reproof erreth.
18 He that hideth hatred is of lying lips; And he that uttereth a slander is a fool.
19 In the multitude of words there wanteth not transgression; But he that refraineth his lips doeth wisely.
20 The tongue of the righteous is `as' choice silver: The heart of the wicked is little worth.
21 The lips of the righteous feed many; But the foolish die for lack of understanding.
22 The blessing of Jehovah, it maketh rich; And he addeth no sorrow therewith.
23 It is as sport to a fool to do wickedness; And `so is' wisdom to a man of understanding.
24 The fear of the wicked, it shall come upon him; And the desire of the righteous shall be granted.
25 When the whirlwind passeth, the wicked is no more; But the righteous is an everlasting foundation.
26 As vinegar to the teeth, and as smoke to the eyes, So is the sluggard to them that send him.
27 The fear of Jehovah prolongeth days; But the years of the wicked shall be shortened.
28 The hope of the righteous `shall be' gladness; But the expectation of the wicked shall perish.
29 The way of Jehovah is a stronghold to the upright; But it is a destruction to the workers of iniquity.
30 The righteous shall never be removed; But the wicked shall not dwell in the land.
31 The mouth of the righteous bringeth forth wisdom; But the perverse tongue shall be cut off.
32 The lips of the righteous know what is acceptable; But the mouth of the wicked `speaketh' perverseness.
1 Proverbs of Solomon. A wise son causeth a father to rejoice, And a foolish son `is' an affliction to his mother.
2 Treasures of wickedness profit not, And righteousness delivereth from death.
3 Jehovah causeth not the soul of the righteous to hunger, And the desire of the wicked He thrusteth away.
4 Poor `is' he who is working -- a slothful hand, And the hand of the diligent maketh rich.
5 Whoso is gathering in summer `is' a wise son, Whoso is sleeping in harvest `is' a son causing shame.
6 Blessings `are' for the head of the righteous, And the mouth of the wicked cover doth violence.
7 The remembrance of the righteous `is' for a blessing, And the name of the wicked doth rot.
8 The wise in heart accepteth commands, And a talkative fool kicketh.
9 Whoso is walking in integrity walketh confidently, And whoso is perverting his ways is known.
10 Whoso is winking the eye giveth grief, And a talkative fool kicketh.
11 A fountain of life `is' the mouth of the righteous, And the mouth of the wicked cover doth violence.
12 Hatred awaketh contentions, And over all transgressions love covereth.
13 In the lips of the intelligent is wisdom found, And a rod `is' for the back of him who is lacking understanding.
14 The wise lay up knowledge, and the mouth of a fool `is' near ruin.
15 The wealth of the rich `is' his strong city, The ruin of the poor `is' their poverty.
16 The wage of the righteous `is' for life, The increase of the wicked for sin.
17 A traveller to life `is' he who is keeping instruction, And whoso is forsaking rebuke is erring.
18 Whoso is covering hatred with lying lips, And whoso is bringing out an evil report is a fool.
19 In the abundance of words transgression ceaseth not, And whoso is restraining his lips `is' wise.
20 The tongue of the righteous `is' chosen silver, The heart of the wicked -- as a little thing.
21 The lips of the righteous delight many, And fools for lack of heart die.
22 The blessing of Jehovah -- it maketh rich, And He addeth no grief with it.
23 To execute inventions `is' as play to a fool, And wisdom to a man of understanding.
24 The feared thing of the wicked it meeteth him, And the desire of the righteous is given.
25 As the passing by of a hurricane, So the wicked is not, And the righteous is a foundation age-during.
26 As vinegar to the teeth, And as smoke to the eyes, So `is' the slothful to those sending him.
27 The fear of Jehovah addeth days, And the years of the wicked are shortened.
28 The hope of the righteous `is' joyful, And the expectation of the wicked perisheth.
29 The way of Jehovah `is' strength to the perfect, And ruin to workers of iniquity.
30 The righteous to the age is not moved, And the wicked inhabit not the earth.
31 The mouth of the righteous uttereth wisdom, And the tongue of frowardness is cut out.
32 The lips of the righteous know a pleasing thing, And the mouth of the wicked perverseness!
1 The Proverbs of Solomon. A wise son maketh a glad father; but a foolish son is the grief of his mother.
2 Treasures of wickedness profit nothing; but righteousness delivereth from death.
3 Jehovah suffereth not the soul of the righteous [man] to famish; but he repelleth the craving of the wicked.
4 He cometh to want that dealeth with a slack hand; but the hand of the diligent maketh rich.
5 He that gathereth in summer is a wise son; he that sleepeth in harvest is a son that causeth shame.
6 Blessings are upon the head of a righteous [man]; but the mouth of the wicked covereth violence.
7 The memory of the righteous [man] shall be blessed; but the name of the wicked shall rot.
8 The wise in heart receiveth commandments; but a prating fool shall fall.
9 He that walketh in integrity walketh securely; but he that perverteth his ways shall be known.
10 He that winketh with the eye causeth grief, and a prating fool shall fall.
11 The mouth of a righteous [man] is a fountain of life; but the mouth of the wicked covereth violence.
12 Hatred stirreth up strifes; but love covereth all transgressions.
13 In the lips of an intelligent [man] wisdom is found; but a rod is for the back of him that is void of understanding.
14 The wise lay up knowledge; but the mouth of the fool is near destruction.
15 The rich man's wealth is his strong city; the destruction of the poor is their poverty.
16 The labour of a righteous [man] [tendeth] to life; the revenue of a wicked [man], to sin.
17 Keeping instruction is the path to life; but he that forsaketh reproof goeth astray.
18 He that covereth hatred hath lying lips, and he that sendeth forth a slander is a fool.
19 In the multitude of words there wanteth not transgression; but he that restraineth his lips doeth wisely.
20 The tongue of the righteous [man] is [as] choice silver; the heart of the wicked is little worth.
21 The lips of a righteous [man] feed many; but fools die for want of understanding.
22 The blessing of Jehovah, it maketh rich, and he addeth no sorrow to it.
23 It is as sport to a foolish [man] to do wickedness; but a man of understanding hath wisdom.
24 The fear of a wicked [man], it shall come upon him; but the desire of the righteous shall be granted.
25 As a whirlwind passeth, so is the wicked no [more]; but the righteous is an everlasting foundation.
26 As vinegar to the teeth, and as smoke to the eyes, so is the sluggard to them that send him.
27 The fear of Jehovah prolongeth days; but the years of the wicked shall be shortened.
28 The hope of the righteous is joy; but the expectation of the wicked shall perish.
29 The way of Jehovah is strength to the perfect [man], but destruction to the workers of iniquity.
30 The righteous [man] shall never be moved; but the wicked shall not inhabit the land.
31 The mouth of a righteous [man] putteth forth wisdom; but the froward tongue shall be cut out.
32 The lips of a righteous [man] know what is acceptable; but the mouth of the wicked is frowardness.
1 The proverbs of Solomon. A wise son makes a glad father; But a foolish son brings grief to his mother.
2 Treasures of wickedness profit nothing, But righteousness delivers from death.
3 Yahweh will not allow the soul of the righteous to go hungry, But he thrusts away the desire of the wicked.
4 He becomes poor who works with a lazy hand, But the hand of the diligent brings wealth.
5 He who gathers in summer is a wise son, But he who sleeps during the harvest is a son who causes shame.
6 Blessings are on the head of the righteous, But violence covers the mouth of the wicked.
7 The memory of the righteous is blessed, But the name of the wicked will rot.
8 The wise in heart accept commandments, But a chattering fool will fall.
9 He who walks blamelessly walks surely, But he who perverts his ways will be found out.
10 One winking with the eye causes sorrow, But a chattering fool will fall.
11 The mouth of the righteous is a spring of life, But violence covers the mouth of the wicked.
12 Hatred stirs up strife, But love covers all wrongs.
13 Wisdom is found on the lips of him who has discernment, But a rod is for the back of him who is void of understanding.
14 Wise men lay up knowledge, But the mouth of the foolish is near ruin.
15 The rich man's wealth is his strong city. The destruction of the poor is their poverty.
16 The labor of the righteous leads to life. The increase of the wicked leads to sin.
17 He is in the way of life who heeds correction, But he who forsakes reproof leads others astray.
18 He who hides hatred has lying lips. He who utters a slander is a fool.
19 In the multitude of words there is no lack of disobedience, But he who restrains his lips does wisely.
20 The tongue of the righteous is like choice silver. The heart of the wicked is of little worth.
21 The lips of the righteous feed many, But the foolish die for lack of understanding.
22 Yahweh's blessing brings wealth, And he adds no trouble to it.
23 It is a fool's pleasure to do wickedness, But wisdom is a man of understanding's pleasure.
24 What the wicked fear, will overtake them, But the desire of the righteous will be granted.
25 When the whirlwind passes, the wicked is no more; But the righteous stand firm forever.
26 As vinegar to the teeth, and as smoke to the eyes, So is the sluggard to those who send him.
27 The fear of Yahweh prolongs days, But the years of the wicked shall be shortened.
28 The prospect of the righteous is joy, But the hope of the wicked will perish.
29 The way of Yahweh is a stronghold to the upright, But it is a destruction to the workers of iniquity.
30 The righteous will never be removed, But the wicked will not dwell in the land.
31 The mouth of the righteous brings forth wisdom, But the perverse tongue will be cut off.
32 The lips of the righteous know what is acceptable, But the mouth of the wicked is perverse.
1 A wise son makes a glad father, but a foolish son is a sorrow to his mother.
2 Wealth which comes from sin is of no profit, but righteousness gives salvation from death.
3 The Lord will not let the upright be in need of food, but he puts far from him the desire of the evil-doers.
4 He who is slow in his work becomes poor, but the hand of the ready worker gets in wealth.
5 He who in summer gets together his store is a son who does wisely; but he who takes his rest when the grain is being cut is a son causing shame.
6 Blessings are on the head of the upright, but the face of sinners will be covered with sorrow.
7 The memory of the upright is a blessing, but the name of the evil-doer will be turned to dust.
8 The wise-hearted man will let himself be ruled, but the man whose talk is foolish will have a fall.
9 He whose ways are upright will go safely, but he whose ways are twisted will be made low.
10 He who makes signs with his eyes is a cause of trouble, but he who makes a man see his errors is a cause of peace.
11 The mouth of the upright man is a fountain of life, but the mouth of the evil-doer is a bitter cup.
12 Hate is a cause of violent acts, but all errors are covered up by love.
13 In the lips of him who has knowledge wisdom is seen; but a rod is ready for the back of him who is without sense.
14 Knowledge is stored up by the wise, but the mouth of the foolish man is a destruction which is near.
15 The property of the man of wealth is his strong town: the poor man's need is his destruction.
16 The work of the upright gives life: the increase of the evil-doer is a cause of sin.
17 He who takes note of teaching is a way of life, but he who gives up training is a cause of error.
18 Hate is covered up by the lips of the upright man, but he who lets out evil about another is foolish.
19 Where there is much talk there will be no end to sin, but he who keeps his mouth shut does wisely.
20 The tongue of the upright man is like tested silver: the heart of the evil-doer is of little value.
21 The lips of the upright man give food to men, but the foolish come to death for need of sense.
22 The blessing of the Lord gives wealth: hard work makes it no greater.
23 It is sport to the foolish man to do evil, but the man of good sense takes delight in wisdom.
24 The thing feared by the evil-doer will come to him, but the upright man will get his desire.
25 When the storm-wind is past, the sinner is seen no longer, but the upright man is safe for ever.
26 Like acid drink to the teeth and as smoke to the eyes, so is the hater of work to those who send him.
27 The fear of the Lord gives long life, but the years of the evil-doer will be cut short.
28 The hope of the upright man will give joy, but the waiting of the evil-doer will have its end in sorrow.
29 The way of the Lord is a strong tower for the upright man, but destruction to the workers of evil.
30 The upright man will never be moved, but evil-doers will not have a safe resting-place in the land.
31 The mouth of the upright man is budding with wisdom, but the twisted tongue will be cut off.
32 The lips of the upright man have knowledge of what is pleasing, but twisted are the mouths of evil-doers.
Worthy.Bible » Commentaries » Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible » Commentary on Proverbs 10
Commentary on Proverbs 10 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
CHAPTER 10
Pr 10:1-32. Here begins the second part of the book, Pr 10:1-22:16, which, with the third, Pr 22:16-25:28, contains series of proverbs whose sense is complete in one or two verses, and which, having no logical connection, admit of no analysis. The parallelisms of Pr 10:1-15:33 are mostly antithetic; and those of Pr 16:1-22:16, synthetic. The evidences of art in the structure are very clear, and indicate, probably, a purpose of facilitating the labor of memorizing.
1. wise [and] foolish—as they follow or reject the precepts of wisdom.
maketh … father—or, "gladdens a father."
heaviness—or, "grief."
2. Treasures … nothing—that is, Ill-gotten gains give no true happiness (compare Pr 4:17; Mt 6:19).
righteousness—especially beneficence (Ps 112:9).
death—the greatest of all evils.
3. (Compare Ps 37:16-20). The last clause is better: "He will repel the greedy desires of the wicked."
4. slack—literally, "deceitful," failing of its purpose (compare Ho 7:16).
maketh rich—(compare Pr 10:22).
5. son—as Pr 1:8, 10, and often.
sleepeth—in indolence, and not for rest.
causeth shame—literally, "is base" (compare Pr 14:35; 17:2).
6. Blessings—literally, "Praises." The last clause is better: "The mouth of the wicked covereth (or concealeth) violence (or mischievous devices)" to be executed in due time (Ps 5:9; 10:7; Ro 3:14), and hence has no praises (compare Pr 10:11).
7. blessed—literally, "for a blessing," or praise.
shall rot—literally, "be worm-eaten," useless and disgusting.
8. wise, &c.—(compare Pr 9:8, 9, 16), opposed to
prating fool—or, "fool of lips of wicked language."
fall—headlong, suddenly.
9. perverteth his ways—acts deceitfully.
known—discovered and punished.
10. Two vices contrasted; hypocrisy, or insinuating evil against one (Pr 6:13; Ps 35:19), and rashness of speech. In each case, the results are on the evildoers.
11. a well—or, "source" of good to himself and others (Joh 7:37, 38). On last clause, see on Pr 10:6.
12. strifes—or, "litigations."
covereth—by forgiveness and forbearance.
13. In the lips … found—hence, not beaten, as the wicked-speaking fool.
void of understanding—(Pr 6:32; 7:7).
14. lay up knowledge—that is, as treasures for good use.
mouth … destruction—or, "as to the mouth," &c., destruction is near; they expose themselves to evil by prating.
15. Both by trusting in "uncertain riches" (1Ti 6:17), or by the evils of poverty (Pr 30:9), men, not fearing God, fall into dangers.
16. The industry of the righteous is alone truly successful, while the earnings of the wicked tempt and lead to sin.
17. keepeth—observes (Pr 3:18; 4:22).
refuseth—or, "turns from reproof," which might direct him aright.
18. Both vices must one day be known and punished, and hence their folly.
19. Much speech involves risk of sin; hence the wisdom of restraining the tongue (Ps 39:1; Jas 1:26).
20. Right speech is the fruit of a good heart, but the wicked show theirs to be useless.
21. Fools not only fail to benefit others, as do the righteous, but procure their own ruin (compare Pr 10:11, 17; Ho 4:6).
22. it maketh, &c.—"it" is emphatic. Riches from God are without the sorrow of ill-gotten wealth (compare Ec 2:21-23; 1Ti 6:9, 10, 17).
23. Sin is the pleasure of the wicked; wisdom that of the good.
24. it—the very thing. The wicked get dreaded evil; the righteous, desired good.
25. (Compare Ps 1:4; 37:9, 10, 36).
righteous … foundation—well laid and firm (Mt 7:24, 25).
26. that is, causes vexation.
27. (Compare Pr 9:11; Ps 55:23).
28. gladness—in confidence of realizing it.
expectation … perish—in disappointment.
29. The way, &c.—that is, God's providence sustains the righteous and overthrows the wicked (Ho 14:9).
30. (Compare Pr 12:3; Ps 37:9-11; 102:28).
earth—or, "land of promise."
31. bringeth forth—literally, "germinates" as a plant.
froward—(Compare Pr 2:12, 14).
cut off—as an unproductive plant.
32. know—regard and provide for (Ps 1:6).
frowardness—all kinds of deceit and ill-nature. The word is plural.