1 Then all Israel H3478 gathered H6908 themselves to David H1732 unto Hebron, H2275 saying, H559 Behold, we are thy bone H6106 and thy flesh. H1320
2 And moreover in time H8543 past, H8032 even when Saul H7586 was king, H4428 thou wast he that leddest out H3318 and broughtest in H935 Israel: H3478 and the LORD H3068 thy God H430 said H559 unto thee, Thou shalt feed H7462 my people H5971 Israel, H3478 and thou shalt be ruler H5057 over my people H5971 Israel. H3478
3 Therefore came H935 all the elders H2205 of Israel H3478 to the king H4428 to Hebron; H2275 and David H1732 made H3772 a covenant H1285 with them in Hebron H2275 before H6440 the LORD; H3068 and they anointed H4886 David H1732 king H4428 over Israel, H3478 according to the word H1697 of the LORD H3068 by H3027 Samuel. H8050
4 And David H1732 and all Israel H3478 went H3212 to Jerusalem, H3389 which is Jebus; H2982 where the Jebusites H2983 were, the inhabitants H3427 of the land. H776
5 And the inhabitants H3427 of Jebus H2982 said H559 to David, H1732 Thou shalt not come H935 hither. Nevertheless David H1732 took H3920 the castle H4686 of Zion, H6726 which is the city H5892 of David. H1732
6 And David H1732 said, H559 Whosoever smiteth H5221 the Jebusites H2983 first H7223 shall be chief H7218 and captain. H8269 So Joab H3097 the son H1121 of Zeruiah H6870 went H5927 first H7223 up, H5927 and was chief. H7218
7 And David H1732 dwelt H3427 in the castle; H4679 therefore they called H7121 it the city H5892 of David. H1732
8 And he built H1129 the city H5892 round about, H5439 even from Millo H4407 round about: H5439 and Joab H3097 repaired H2421 the rest H7605 of the city. H5892
9 So David H1732 waxed H3212 greater H1980 and greater: H1419 for the LORD H3068 of hosts H6635 was with him.
10 These also are the chief H7218 of the mighty men H1368 whom David H1732 had, who strengthened H2388 themselves with him in his kingdom, H4438 and with all Israel, H3478 to make him king, H4427 according to the word H1697 of the LORD H3068 concerning Israel. H3478
11 And this is the number H4557 of the mighty men H1368 whom David H1732 had; Jashobeam, H3434 an Hachmonite, H2453 the chief H7218 of the captains: H7991 H7970 he lifted up H5782 his spear H2595 against three H7969 hundred H3967 slain H2491 by him at one H259 time. H6471
12 And after H310 him was Eleazar H499 the son H1121 of Dodo, H1734 the Ahohite, H266 who was one of the three H7969 mighties. H1368
13 He was with David H1732 at Pasdammim, H6450 and there the Philistines H6430 were gathered together H622 to battle, H4421 where was a parcel H2513 of ground H7704 full H4392 of barley; H8184 and the people H5971 fled H5127 from before H6440 the Philistines. H6430
14 And they set H3320 themselves in the midst H8432 of that parcel, H2513 and delivered H5337 it, and slew H5221 the Philistines; H6430 and the LORD H3068 saved H3467 them by a great H1419 deliverance. H8668
15 Now three H7969 of the thirty H7970 captains H7218 went down H3381 to the rock H6697 to David, H1732 into the cave H4631 of Adullam; H5725 and the host H4264 of the Philistines H6430 encamped H2583 in the valley H6010 of Rephaim. H7497
16 And David H1732 was then in the hold, H4686 and the Philistines' H6430 garrison H5333 was then at Bethlehem. H1035
17 And David H1732 longed, H183 and said, H559 Oh that one would give me drink H8248 of the water H4325 of the well H953 of Bethlehem, H1035 that is at the gate! H8179
18 And the three H7969 brake through H1234 the host H4264 of the Philistines, H6430 and drew H7579 water H4325 out of the well H953 of Bethlehem, H1035 that was by the gate, H8179 and took H5375 it, and brought H935 it to David: H1732 but David H1732 would H14 not drink H8354 of it, but poured it out H5258 to the LORD, H3068
19 And said, H559 My God H430 forbid H2486 it me, that I should do H6213 this thing: H2063 shall I drink H8354 the blood H1818 of these men H582 that have put their lives in jeopardy? H5315 for with the jeopardy of their lives H5315 they brought H935 it. Therefore he would H14 not drink H8354 it. These things did H6213 these three H7969 mightiest. H1368
20 And Abishai H52 the brother H251 of Joab, H3097 he was chief H7218 of the three: H7969 for lifting up H5782 his spear H2595 against three H7969 hundred, H3967 he slew H2491 them, and had a name H8034 among the three. H7969
21 Of the three, H7969 he was more honourable H3513 than the two; H8147 for he was their captain: H8269 howbeit he attained H935 not to the first three. H7969
22 Benaiah H1141 the son H1121 of Jehoiada, H3077 the son H1121 of a valiant H2428 man H376 of Kabzeel, H6909 who had done many H7227 acts; H6467 he slew H5221 two H8147 lionlike men H739 of Moab: H4124 also he went down H3381 and slew H5221 a lion H738 in H8432 a pit H953 in a snowy H7950 day. H3117
23 And he slew H5221 an Egyptian, H4713 a man H376 of great stature, H4060 five H2568 cubits H520 high; and in the Egyptian's H4713 hand H3027 was a spear H2595 like a weaver's H707 beam; H4500 and he went down H3381 to him with a staff, H7626 and plucked H1497 the spear H2595 out of the Egyptian's H4713 hand, H3027 and slew H2026 him with his own spear. H2595
24 These things did H6213 Benaiah H1141 the son H1121 of Jehoiada, H3077 and had the name H8034 among the three H7969 mighties. H1368
25 Behold, H2009 he was honourable H3513 among the thirty, H7970 but attained H935 not to the first three: H7969 and David H1732 set H7760 him over his guard. H4928
26 Also the valiant men H1368 of the armies H2428 were, Asahel H6214 the brother H251 of Joab, H3097 Elhanan H445 the son H1121 of Dodo H1734 of Bethlehem, H1035
27 Shammoth H8054 the Harorite, H2033 Helez H2503 the Pelonite, H6397
28 Ira H5896 the son H1121 of Ikkesh H6142 the Tekoite, H8621 Abiezer H44 the Antothite, H6069
29 Sibbecai H5444 the Hushathite, H2843 Ilai H5866 the Ahohite, H266
30 Maharai H4121 the Netophathite, H5200 Heled H2466 the son H1121 of Baanah H1196 the Netophathite, H5200
31 Ithai H863 the son H1121 of Ribai H7380 of Gibeah, H1390 that pertained to the children H1121 of Benjamin, H1144 Benaiah H1141 the Pirathonite, H6553
32 Hurai H2360 of the brooks H5158 of Gaash, H1608 Abiel H22 the Arbathite, H6164
33 Azmaveth H5820 the Baharumite, H978 Eliahba H455 the Shaalbonite, H8170
34 The sons H1121 of Hashem H2044 the Gizonite, H1493 Jonathan H3129 the son H1121 of Shage H7681 the Hararite, H2043
35 Ahiam H279 the son H1121 of Sacar H7940 the Hararite, H2043 Eliphal H465 the son H1121 of Ur, H218
36 Hepher H2660 the Mecherathite, H4382 Ahijah H281 the Pelonite, H6397
37 Hezro H2695 the Carmelite, H3761 Naarai H5293 the son H1121 of Ezbai, H229
38 Joel H3100 the brother H251 of Nathan, H5416 Mibhar H4006 the son H1121 of Haggeri, H1905
39 Zelek H6768 the Ammonite, H5984 Naharai H5171 the Berothite, H1307 the armourbearer H5375 H3627 of Joab H3097 the son H1121 of Zeruiah, H6870
40 Ira H5896 the Ithrite, H3505 Gareb H1619 the Ithrite, H3505
41 Uriah H223 the Hittite, H2850 Zabad H2066 the son H1121 of Ahlai, H304
42 Adina H5721 the son H1121 of Shiza H7877 the Reubenite, H7206 a captain H7218 of the Reubenites, H7206 and thirty H7970 with him,
43 Hanan H2605 the son H1121 of Maachah, H4601 and Joshaphat H3146 the Mithnite, H4981
44 Uzzia H5814 the Ashterathite, H6254 Shama H8091 and Jehiel H3273 the sons H1121 of Hothan H2369 the Aroerite, H6200
45 Jediael H3043 the son H1121 of Shimri, H8113 and Joha H3109 his brother, H251 the Tizite, H8491
46 Eliel H447 the Mahavite, H4233 and Jeribai, H3403 and Joshaviah, H3145 the sons H1121 of Elnaam, H493 and Ithmah H3495 the Moabite, H4125
47 Eliel, H447 and Obed, H5744 and Jasiel H3300 the Mesobaite. H4677
Worthy.Bible » Commentaries » Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible » Commentary on 1 Chronicles 11
Commentary on 1 Chronicles 11 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
CHAPTER 11
1Ch 11:1-3. David Made King.
1. Then all Israel gathered themselves to David unto Hebron—This event happened on the death of Ish-bosheth (see on 2Sa 5:1). The convention of the estates of the kingdom, the public and solemn homage of the representatives of the people, and the repeated anointing of the new king in their presence and by their direction, seem to have been necessary to the general acknowledgment of the sovereign on the part of the nation (compare 1Sa 11:15).
1Ch 11:4-9. He Wins the Castle of Zion from the Jebusites by Joab's Valor.
4. David and all Israel went to … Jebus—(See on 2Sa 5:6).
8. Joab repaired the rest of the city—David built a new town to the north of the old one on Mount Zion; but Joab was charged with a commission to restore the part that had been occupied by the ancient Jebus, to repair the breaches made during the siege, to rebuild the houses which had been demolished or burned in the sacking of the town, and to preserve all that had escaped the violence of the soldiery. This work of reconstruction is not noticed elsewhere [Calmet].
1Ch 11:10-47. A Catalogue of His Worthies.
10. These … are the chief of the mighty men—(See on 2Sa 23:8). They are here described as those who held strongly with him (Margin) to make him king, &c. In these words the sacred historian assigns a reason for introducing the list of their names, immediately after his account of the election of David as king, and the conquest of Jerusalem; namely, that they assisted in making David king. In the original form of the list, and the connection in which it occurs in Samuel, there is no reference to the choice of a king; and even in this passage it is only in the clause introduced into the superscription that such a reference occurs [Keil].
11-13. Jashobeam, an Hachmonite—or, "son of Hachmoni." He is called also son of Zabdiel (1Ch 27:2), so that, strictly speaking, he was the grandson of Hachmoni (compare 1Ch 27:32).
lifted up his spear against three hundred slain by him at one time—The feat is said (2Sa 23:8) to have been a slaughter of eight hundred in one day. Some endeavor to reconcile the statements in that passage and in this by supposing that he slew eight hundred on one occasion and three hundred on another; while others conjecture that he attacked a body of eight hundred, and, having slain three hundred of them, the rest fled [Lightfoot].
12. the three mighties—Only two are mentioned; namely, Jashobeam and Eleazar—the third, Shammah (2Sa 23:11), is not named in this passage.
13. He was with David at Pas-dammim—It was at the time when he was a fugitive in the wilderness, and, parched with thirst under the burning heat of noonday, he wistfully thought of the cool fountain of his native village [2Sa 23:15; 1Ch 11:17]. This is a notice of the achievement, to which Eleazar owed his fame, but the details are found only in 2Sa 23:9-11, where it is further said that he was aided by the valor of Shammah, a fact corroborated in the passage before us (1Ch 11:14), where it is recorded of the heroes, that "they set themselves in the midst of that parcel." As the singular number is used in speaking of Shammah (2Sa 23:12), the true view seems to be that when Eleazar had given up from exhaustion, Shammah succeeded, and by his fresh and extraordinary prowess preserved the field.
barley—or lentils (2Sa 23:11). Ephes-dammim was situated between Shocoh and Azekah, in the west of the Judahite territory. These feats were performed when David acted as Saul's general against the Philistines.
15-19. David longed, and said, Oh that one would give me drink … of the well of Beth-lehem—(See on 2Sa 23:15). This chivalrous act evinces the enthusiastic devotion of David's men, that they were ready to gratify his smallest wish at the risk of their lives. It is probable that, when uttering the wish, David had no recollection of the military posted at Beth-lehem. It is generally taken for granted that those who fought a way to the well of Beth-lehem were the three champions just mentioned [see on 1Ch 11:13]. But this is far from being clear. On the contrary, it would seem that three different heroes are referred to, for Abishai (1Ch 11:20) was one of them. The camp of the Philistines was in the valley of Rephaim (1Ch 11:15), which lay on the west of Jerusalem, but an outpost was stationed at Beth-lehem (1Ch 11:16), and through this garrison they had to force a passage.
21. howbeit he attained not to the first three—(See on 2Sa 23:19).
22. Benaiah … of Kabzeel—a town in the south of Judah (Jos 15:21; Ne 11:25). It is said that "he had done many acts," though three only are mentioned as specimens of his daring energy and fearless courage.
slew two lionlike men of Moab—literally, "lions of God," that is, great lions or champions. This gallant feat was probably achieved in David's hostile invasion of Moab (2Sa 8:2).
also he went down and slew a lion in a pit in a snowy day—probably a cave into which Benaiah had taken refuge from the snowstorm, and in which he encountered a savage lion which had its lair there. In a spacious cave the achievement would be far greater than if the monster had been previously snared or cabined in a pit.
23. he went down—the ordinary phraseology for expressing an engagement in battle. The encounter of Benaiah with this gigantic Egyptian reminds us, in some respects, of David's combat with Goliath. At least, the height of this giant, which was about eight feet, and his armor, resembled his of Gath.
with a staff—that is, having no other weapon in his hand than his walking stick.
25. David set him over his guard—the Cherethites and Pelethites that composed the small bodyguard in immediate attendance on the king.
26. Also the valiant men of the armies—This was the third degree of military rank, and Asahel was their chief; the names of few of those mentioned are historically known.
27. Shammoth—Between this name and Hebez, that of Elikah has evidently fallen out, as we may see (2Sa 23:25, 26) [Bertheau].
30. Maharai—chief of the detachment of the guards who attended on the king in the tenth month, January (1Ch 27:13; 2Sa 23:28).
39. Naharai—armorbearer to Joab (2Sa 23:37). The non-occurrence of Joab's name in any of the three catalogues is most probably to be accounted for by the circumstance that his office as commander-in-chief raised him to a position superior to all these orders of military knighthood.
41. Uriah the Hittite—The enrolment of this name in such a list, attesting, as it does, his distinguished merits as a brave and devoted officer, aggravates the criminality of David's outrage on his life and honor. The number of the names at 1Ch 11:26-41 (exclusive of Asahel and Uriah, who were dead) is thirty, and at 1Ch 11:41-47 is sixteen—making together forty-eight (see on 1Ch 27:1-34). Of those mentioned (1Ch 11:26-41), the greater part belonged to the tribes of Judah and Benjamin; the sixteen names (1Ch 11:41-47) are all associated with places unknown, or with cities and districts on the east of the Jordan. The northern tribes do not appear to have furnished any leaders [Bertheau].