1 On that day H3117 did the king H4428 Ahasuerus H325 give H5414 the house H1004 of Haman H2001 the Jews' H3064 enemy H6887 unto Esther H635 the queen. H4436 And Mordecai H4782 came H935 before H6440 the king; H4428 for Esther H635 had told H5046 what he was unto her.
2 And the king H4428 took off H5493 his ring, H2885 which he had taken H5674 from Haman, H2001 and gave H5414 it unto Mordecai. H4782 And Esther H635 set H7760 Mordecai H4782 over the house H1004 of Haman. H2001
3 And Esther H635 spake H1696 yet again H3254 before H6440 the king, H4428 and fell down H5307 at H6440 his feet, H7272 and besought H2603 him with tears H1058 to put away H5674 the mischief H7451 of Haman H2001 the Agagite, H91 and his device H4284 that he had devised H2803 against the Jews. H3064
4 Then the king H4428 held out H3447 the golden H2091 sceptre H8275 toward Esther. H635 So Esther H635 arose, H6965 and stood H5975 before H6440 the king, H4428
5 And said, H559 If it please H2896 the king, H4428 and if I have found H4672 favour H2580 in his sight, H6440 and the thing H1697 seem right H3787 before H6440 the king, H4428 and I be pleasing H2896 in his eyes, H5869 let it be written H3789 to reverse H7725 the letters H5612 devised H4284 by Haman H2001 the son H1121 of Hammedatha H4099 the Agagite, H91 which he wrote H3789 to destroy H6 the Jews H3064 which are in all the king's H4428 provinces: H4082
6 For how H349 can I endure H3201 to see H7200 the evil H7451 that shall come H4672 unto my people? H5971 or how H349 can I endure H3201 to see H7200 the destruction H13 of my kindred? H4138
7 Then the king H4428 Ahasuerus H325 said H559 unto Esther H635 the queen H4436 and to Mordecai H4782 the Jew, H3064 Behold, I have given H5414 Esther H635 the house H1004 of Haman, H2001 and him they have hanged H8518 upon the gallows, H6086 because he laid H7971 his hand H3027 upon the Jews. H3064
8 Write H3789 ye also for the Jews, H3064 as it liketh H2896 you, H5869 in the king's H4428 name, H8034 and seal H2856 it with the king's H4428 ring: H2885 for the writing H3791 which is written H3789 in the king's H4428 name, H8034 and sealed H2856 with the king's H4428 ring, H2885 may no man reverse. H7725
9 Then were the king's H4428 scribes H5608 called H7121 at that time H6256 in the third H7992 month, H2320 that is, the month H2320 Sivan, H5510 on the three H7969 and twentieth H6242 day thereof; and it was written H3789 according to all that Mordecai H4782 commanded H6680 unto the Jews, H3064 and to the lieutenants, H323 and the deputies H6346 and rulers H8269 of the provinces H4082 which are from India H1912 unto Ethiopia, H3568 an hundred H3967 twenty H6242 and seven H7651 provinces, H4082 unto every province H4082 according to the writing H3791 thereof, and unto every people H5971 after their language, H3956 and to the Jews H3064 according to their writing, H3791 and according to their language. H3956
10 And he wrote H3789 in the king H4428 Ahasuerus' H325 name, H8034 and sealed H2856 it with the king's H4428 ring, H2885 and sent H7971 letters H5612 by H3027 posts H7323 on horseback, H5483 and riders H7392 on mules, H7409 camels, H327 and young H1121 dromedaries: H7424
11 Wherein the king H4428 granted H5414 the Jews H3064 which were in every city H5892 to gather themselves together, H6950 and to stand H5975 for their life, H5315 to destroy, H8045 to slay, H2026 and to cause to perish, H6 all the power H2428 of the people H5971 and province H4082 that would assault H6696 them, both little ones H2945 and women, H802 and to take the spoil H7998 of them for a prey, H962
12 Upon one H259 day H3117 in all the provinces H4082 of king H4428 Ahasuerus, H325 namely, upon the thirteenth H7969 H6240 day of the twelfth H8147 H6240 month, H2320 which is the month H2320 Adar. H143
13 The copy H6572 of the writing H3791 for a commandment H1881 to be given H5414 in every province H4082 was published H1540 unto all people, H5971 and that the Jews H3064 should be ready H6264 H6259 against that day H3117 to avenge H5358 themselves on their enemies. H341
14 So the posts H7323 that rode H7392 upon mules H7409 and camels H327 went out, H3318 being hastened H926 and pressed on H1765 by the king's H4428 commandment. H1697 And the decree H1881 was given H5414 at Shushan H7800 the palace. H1002
15 And Mordecai H4782 went out H3318 from the presence H6440 of the king H4428 in royal H4438 apparel H3830 of blue H8504 and white, H2353 and with a great H1419 crown H5850 of gold, H2091 and with a garment H8509 of fine linen H948 and purple: H713 and the city H5892 of Shushan H7800 rejoiced H6670 and was glad. H8056
16 The Jews H3064 had light, H219 and gladness, H8057 and joy, H8342 and honour. H3366
17 And in every province, H4082 and in every city, H5892 whithersoever H4725 the king's H4428 commandment H1697 and his decree H1881 came, H5060 the Jews H3064 had joy H8057 and gladness, H8342 a feast H4960 and a good H2896 day. H3117 And many H7227 of the people H5971 of the land H776 became Jews; H3054 for the fear H6343 of the Jews H3064 fell H5307 upon them.
Worthy.Bible » Commentaries » Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible » Commentary on Esther 8
Commentary on Esther 8 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
CHAPTER 8
Es 8:1-6. Mordecai Advanced.
1. On that day did the king Ahasuerus give the house of Haman … unto Esther—His property was confiscated, and everything belonging to him, as some compensation for the peril to which she had been exposed.
Mordecai came before the king—that is, was introduced at court and appointed one of the seven counsellors. Esther displayed great prudence and address in acknowledging Mordecai's relation to her at the moment most fitted to be of eminent service to him.
2. the king took off his ring, … and gave it unto Mordecai—By that act transferring to him all the power and authority which the ring symbolized, and promoting him to the high dignity which Haman had formerly filled.
Esther set Mordecai over the house of Haman—as her steward or factor, to manage that large and opulent estate which had been assigned to her.
3. Esther spake yet again before the king, and fell down at his feet—The king was then not reclining at table, but sitting on a divan, most probably in the Persian attitude, leaning back against the cushions, and one foot under him.
besought him with tears to put away the mischief of Haman—that is, to repeal the sanguinary edict which, at the secret instigation of Haman, had been recently passed (Es 3:12).
4. Then the king held out the golden sceptre toward Esther—in token that her request was accepted, and that she needed no longer to maintain the humble attitude of a suppliant.
5, 6. reverse the letters devised by Haman … to destroy the Jews—The whole conduct of Esther in this matter is characterized by great tact, and the variety of expressions by which she describes her willing submission to her royal husband, the address with which she rolls the whole infamy of the meditated massacre on Haman, and the argument she draws from the king's sanction being surreptitiously obtained, that the decree should be immediately reversed—all indicate the queen's wisdom and skill, and she succeeded in this point also.
Es 8:7-14. Ahasuerus Grants to the Jews to Defend Themselves.
8. Write … in the king's name, and seal it with the king's ring—Hence it is evident that the royal ring had a seal in it, which, being affixed to any document, authenticated it with the stamp of royal authority.
which … may no man reverse—This is added as the reason why he could not comply with the queen's request for a direct reversal or recall of Haman's letters; namely, that the laws of the Medes and Persians, once passed, were irrevocable.
10. sent … by posts … and riders on … camels, and young dromedaries—The business being very urgent, the swiftest kind of camel would be employed, and so the word in the original denotes the wind-camel. Young dromedaries also are used to carry expresses, being remarkable for the nimbleness and ease of their movements. Animals of this description could convey the new rescript of Ahasuerus over the length and breadth of the Persian empire in time to relieve the unhappy Jews from the ban under which they lay.
11-13. the king granted the Jews … to stand for their life … to slay … all … that would assault them—The fixed and unalterable character claimed for Persian edicts often placed the king in a very awkward dilemma; for, however bitterly he might regret things done in a moment of haste and thoughtlessness, it was beyond even his power to prevent the consequences. This was the reason on account of which the king was laid under a necessity not to reverse, but to issue a contradictory edict; according to which it was enacted that if, pursuant to the first decree, the Jews were assaulted, they might, by virtue of the second, defend themselves and even slay their enemies. However strange and even ridiculous this mode of procedure may appear, it was the only one which, from the peculiarities of court etiquette in Persia, could be adopted. Instances occur in sacred (Da 6:14), no less than profane, history. Many passages of the Bible attest the truth of this, particularly the well-known incident of Daniel's being cast into the den of lions, in conformity with the rash decree of Darius, though, as it afterwards appeared, contrary to the personal desire of that monarch. That the law of Persia has undergone no change in this respect, and the power of the monarch not less immutable, appear from many anecdotes related in the books of modern travellers through that country.
Es 8:15-17. Mordecai's Honors, and the Jews' Joy.
15. Mordecai went out … in royal apparel—He was invested with the khelaat of official honor. A dress of blue and white was held in great estimation among the Persians; so that Mordecai, whom the king delighted to honor, was in fact arrayed in the royal dress and insignia. The variety and the kind of insignia worn by a favorite at once makes known to the people the particular dignity to which he has been raised.