1 And he commanded H6680 the steward of his house, H1004 saying, H559 Fill H4390 the men's H582 sacks H572 with food, H400 as much as H834 they can H3201 carry, H5375 and put H7760 every man's H376 money H3701 in his sack's H572 mouth. H6310
2 And put H7760 my cup, H1375 the silver H3701 cup, H1375 in the sack's H572 mouth H6310 of the youngest, H6996 and his corn H7668 money. H3701 And he did H6213 according to the word H1697 that Joseph H3130 had spoken. H1696
3 As soon as the morning H1242 was light, H215 the men H582 were sent away, H7971 they and their asses. H2543
4 And when they were gone out H3318 of the city, H5892 and not yet far off, H7368 Joseph H3130 said H559 unto his steward, H1004 Up, H6965 follow H7291 after H310 the men; H582 and when thou dost overtake H5381 them, say H559 unto them, Wherefore have ye rewarded H7999 evil H7451 for good? H2896
5 Is not this it in which my lord H113 drinketh, H8354 and whereby indeed H5172 he divineth? H5172 ye have done evil H7489 in so doing. H6213
6 And he overtook H5381 them, and he spake H1696 unto them these same H428 words. H1697
7 And they said H559 unto him, Wherefore saith H1696 my lord H113 these words? H1697 God forbid H2486 that thy servants H5650 should do H6213 according to this thing: H1697
8 Behold, the money, H3701 which we found H4672 in our sacks' H572 mouths, H6310 we brought again H7725 unto thee out of the land H776 of Canaan: H3667 how then should we steal H1589 out of thy lord's H113 house H1004 silver H3701 or gold? H2091
9 With whomsoever of thy servants H5650 it be found, H4672 both let him die, H4191 and we also will be my lord's H113 bondmen. H5650
10 And he said, H559 Now also let it be according unto your words: H1697 H3651 he with whom it is found H4672 shall be my servant; H5650 and ye shall be blameless. H5355
11 Then they speedily H4116 took down H3381 every man H376 his sack H572 to the ground, H776 and opened H6605 every man H376 his sack. H572
12 And he searched, H2664 and began H2490 at the eldest, H1419 and left H3615 at the youngest: H6996 and the cup H1375 was found H4672 in Benjamin's H1144 sack. H572
13 Then they rent H7167 their clothes, H8071 and laded H6006 every man H376 his ass, H2543 and returned H7725 to the city. H5892
14 And Judah H3063 and his brethren H251 came H935 to Joseph's H3130 house; H1004 for he was yet there: and they fell H5307 before him H6440 on the ground. H776
15 And Joseph H3130 said H559 unto them, What deed H4639 is this that ye have done? H6213 wot ye H3045 not that such a man H376 as I can certainly H5172 divine? H5172
16 And Judah H3063 said, H559 What shall we say H559 unto my lord? H113 what shall we speak? H1696 or how shall we clear ourselves? H6663 God H430 hath found out H4672 the iniquity H5771 of thy servants: H5650 behold, we are my lord's H113 servants, H5650 both we, and he also H1571 with whom H834 H3027 the cup H1375 is found. H4672
17 And he said, H559 God forbid H2486 that I should do H6213 so: H2063 but the man H376 in whose hand H3027 the cup H1375 is found, H4672 he shall be my servant; H5650 and as for you, get you up H5927 in peace H7965 unto your father. H1
18 Then Judah H3063 came near H5066 unto him, and said, H559 Oh H994 my lord, H113 let thy servant, H5650 I pray thee, speak H1696 a word H1697 in my lord's H113 ears, H241 and let not thine anger H639 burn H2734 against thy servant: H5650 for thou art even as Pharaoh. H6547
19 My lord H113 asked H7592 his servants, H5650 saying, H559 Have H3426 ye a father, H1 or a brother? H251
20 And we said H559 unto my lord, H113 We have H3426 a father, H1 an old man, H2205 and a child H3206 of his old age, H2208 a little one; H6996 and his brother H251 is dead, H4191 and he alone is left H3498 of his mother, H517 and his father H1 loveth H157 him.
21 And thou saidst H559 unto thy servants, H5650 Bring him down H3381 unto me, that I may set H7760 mine eyes H5869 upon him.
22 And we said H559 unto my lord, H113 The lad H5288 cannot H3201 leave H5800 his father: H1 for if he should leave H5800 his father, H1 his father would die. H4191
23 And thou saidst H559 unto thy servants, H5650 Except H3808 your youngest H6996 brother H251 come down H3381 with you, ye shall see H7200 H3254 my face H6440 no more. H7200 H3254
24 And it came to pass when we came up H5927 unto thy servant H5650 my father, H1 we told H5046 him the words H1697 of my lord. H113
25 And our father H1 said, H559 Go again, H7725 and buy H7666 us a little H4592 food. H400
26 And we said, H559 We cannot H3201 go down: H3381 if our youngest H6996 brother H251 be H3426 with us, then will we go down: H3381 for we may H3201 not see H7200 the man's H376 face, H6440 except H369 our youngest H6996 brother H251 be with us.
27 And thy servant H5650 my father H1 said H559 unto us, Ye know H3045 that my wife H802 bare H3205 me two H8147 sons:
28 And the one H259 went out H3318 from me, and I said, H559 Surely H2963 he is torn in pieces; H2963 and I saw him H7200 not since: H2008
29 And if ye take H3947 this also from H5973 me, H6440 and mischief H611 befall him, H7136 ye shall bring down H3381 my gray hairs H7872 with sorrow H7451 to the grave. H7585
30 Now therefore when I come H935 to thy servant H5650 my father, H1 and the lad H5288 be not with us; seeing that his life H5315 is bound up H7194 in the lad's life; H5315
31 It shall come to pass, when he seeth H7200 that the lad H5288 is not with us, that he will die: H4191 and thy servants H5650 shall bring down H3381 the gray hairs H7872 of thy servant H5650 our father H1 with sorrow H3015 to the grave. H7585
32 For thy servant H5650 became surety H6148 for the lad H5288 unto H5973 my father, H1 saying, H559 If I bring H935 him not unto thee, then I shall bear the blame H2398 to my father H1 for ever. H3117
33 Now therefore, I pray thee, let thy servant H5650 abide H3427 instead of the lad H5288 a bondman H5650 to my lord; H113 and let the lad H5288 go up H5927 with his brethren. H251
34 For how H349 shall I go up H5927 to my father, H1 and the lad H5288 be not with me? lest peradventure I see H7200 the evil H7451 that shall come on H4672 my father. H1
Worthy.Bible » Commentaries » Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible » Commentary on Genesis 44
Commentary on Genesis 44 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
CHAPTER 44
Ge 44:1-34. Policy to Stay His Brethren.
1. And Joseph commanded the steward—The design of putting the cup into the sack of Benjamin was obviously to bring that young man into a situation of difficulty or danger, in order thereby to discover how far the brotherly feelings of the rest would be roused to sympathize with his distress and stimulate their exertions in procuring his deliverance. But for what purpose was the money restored? It was done, in the first instance, from kindly feelings to his father; but another and further design seems to have been the prevention of any injurious impressions as to the character of Benjamin. The discovery of the cup in his possession, if there had been nothing else to judge by, might have fastened a painful suspicion of guilt on the youngest brother; but the sight of the money in each man's sack would lead all to the same conclusion, that Benjamin was just as innocent as themselves, although the additional circumstance of the cup being found in his sack would bring him into greater trouble and danger.
2. put my cup, the silver cup, in the sack's mouth—It was a large goblet, as the original denotes, highly valued by its owner, on account of its costly material or its elegant finish and which had probably graced his table at the sumptuous entertainment of the previous day.
3. As soon as the morning was light, the men were sent away—They commenced their homeward journey at early dawn (see on Ge 18:2); and it may be readily supposed in high spirits, after so happy an issue from all their troubles and anxieties.
4. When they were gone out of the city … Joseph said unto his steward—They were brought to a sudden halt by the stunning intelligence that an article of rare value was missing from the governor's house. It was a silver cup; so strong suspicions were entertained against them that a special messenger was despatched to search them.
5. Is not this it in which my lord drinketh—not only kept for the governor's personal use, but whereby he divines. Divination by cups, to ascertain the course of futurity, was one of the prevalent superstitions of ancient Egypt, as it is of Eastern countries still. It is not likely that Joseph, a pious believer in the true God, would have addicted himself to this superstitious practice. But he might have availed himself of that popular notion to carry out the successful execution of his stratagem for the last decisive trial of his brethren.
6, 7. he overtook them, and he spake … these words—The steward's words must have come upon them like a thunderbolt, and one of their most predominant feelings must have been the humiliating and galling sense of being made so often objects of suspicion. Protesting their innocence, they invited a search. The challenge was accepted [Ge 44:10, 11]. Beginning with the eldest, every sack was examined, and the cup being found in Benjamin's [Ge 44:12], they all returned in an indescribable agony of mind to the house of the governor [Ge 44:13], throwing themselves at his feet [Ge 44:14], with the remarkable confession, "God hath found out the iniquity of thy servants" [Ge 44:16].
16-34. Judah said, What shall we say?—This address needs no comment—consisting at first of short, broken sentences, as if, under the overwhelming force of the speaker's emotions, his utterance were choked, it becomes more free and copious by the effort of speaking, as he proceeds. Every word finds its way to the heart; and it may well be imagined that Benjamin, who stood there speechless like a victim about to be laid on the altar, when he heard the magnanimous offer of Judah to submit to slavery for his ransom, would be bound by a lifelong gratitude to his generous brother, a tie that seems to have become hereditary in his tribe. Joseph's behavior must not be viewed from any single point, or in separate parts, but as a whole—a well-thought, deep-laid, closely connected plan; and though some features of it do certainly exhibit an appearance of harshness, yet the pervading principle of his conduct was real, genuine, brotherly kindness. Read in this light, the narrative of the proceedings describes the continuous, though secret, pursuit of one end; and Joseph exhibits, in his management of the scheme, a very high order of intellect, a warm and susceptible heart, united to a judgment that exerted a complete control over his feelings—a happy invention in devising means towards the attainment of his ends and an inflexible adherence to the course, however painful, which prudence required.