7 And he maketh the ten candlesticks of gold, according to their ordinance, and placeth in the temple, five on the right, and five on the left.
`And thou hast made a candlestick of pure gold, of beaten work is the candlestick made; its base, and its branch, its calyxes, its knops, and its flowers are of the same; and six branches are coming out of its sides, three branches of the candlestick out of the one side, and three branches of the candlestick out of the second side; three calyxes made like almonds in the one branch, a knop and a flower, and three calyxes made like almonds in one branch, a knop and a flower; so for the six branches which are coming out from the candlestick. `And in the candlestick `are' four calyxes made like almonds, its knops and its flowers; and a knop under two branches of the same, and a knop under two branches of the same, and a knop under two branches of the same, `are' to the six branches which are coming out of the candlestick; their knops and their branches are of the same, all of it one beaten work of pure gold; and thou hast made its seven lamps, and `one' hath caused its lights to go up, and it hath given light over-against its front. `And its snuffers and its snuff dishes `are' of pure gold; of a talent of pure gold he doth make it, with all these vessels. And see thou and do `them' by their pattern which thou art shewn in the mount.
and the candlesticks, five on the right, and five on the left, before the oracle, of refined gold, and the flowers, and the lamps, and the tongs, of gold,
and the pattern of all that hath been by the Spirit with him, for the courts of the house of Jehovah, and for all the chambers round about, for the treasures of the house of God, and for the treasures of the things sacrificed;
and `by' weight for the candlesticks of gold, and their lamps of gold, by weight `for' candlestick and candlestick, and its lamps; and for the candlesticks of silver, by weight for a candlestick and its lamps, according to the service of candlestick and candlestick;
and he saith unto me, `What art thou seeing?' And I say, `I have looked, and lo, a candlestick of gold -- all of it, and its bowl `is' on its top, and its seven lamps `are' upon it, and twice seven pipes `are' to the lights that `are' on its top, and two olive-trees `are' by it, one on the right of the bowl, and one on its left.'
And I answer and say unto him, `What `are' these two olive-trees, on the right of the candlestick, and on its left?' And I answer a second time, and say unto him, `What `are' the two branches of the olive trees that, by means of the two golden pipes, are emptying out of themselves the oil?' And he speaketh unto me, saying, `Hast thou not known what these `are'?' And I say, `No, my lord.' And he saith, `These `are' the two sons of the oil, who are standing by the Lord of the whole earth.'
`Ye are the light of the world, a city set upon a mount is not able to be hid; nor do they light a lamp, and put it under the measure, but on the lamp-stand, and it shineth to all those in the house; so let your light shine before men, that they may see your good works, and may glorify your Father who `is' in the heavens.
who unto an example and shadow do serve of the heavenly things, as Moses hath been divinely warned, being about to construct the tabernacle, for `See (saith He) thou mayest make all things according to the pattern that was shewn to thee in the mount;') --
Worthy.Bible » Commentaries » Keil & Delitzsch Commentary » Commentary on 2 Chronicles 4
Commentary on 2 Chronicles 4 Keil & Delitzsch Commentary
2 Chronicles 4:1-6. The copper furniture of the court. 2 Chronicles 4:1. The altar of burnt-offering . Its preparation is passed over in 1 Kings 6 and 7, so that there it is only mentioned incidentally in connection with the consecration of the temple, 1 Kings 8:22, 1 Kings 8:54, and 1 Kings 9:25. It was twenty cubits square (long and broad) and ten cubits high, and constructed on the model of the Mosaic altar of burnt- offering, and probably of brass plates, which enclosed the inner core, consisting of earth and unhewn stones; and if we may judge from Ezekiel's description, Ezekiel 43:13-17, it rose in steps, as it were, so that at each step its extent was smaller; and the measurement of twenty cubits refers only to the lowest scale, while the space at the top, with the hearth, was only twelve cubits square; cf. my Bibl. Archaeol . i. S. 127, with the figure, plate iii. fig. 2.
The brazen sea described as in 1 Kings 7:23-26. See the commentary on that passage, and the sketch in my Archaeol . i. plate iii. fig. 1. The differences in substance, such as the occurrence of בּקרים and הבּקר , 2 Chronicles 4:3, instead of פּקעים and הפּקים , and 3000 baths instead of 2000, are probably the result of orthographical errors in the Chronicle. יכיל in 2 Chronicles 4:5 appears superfluous after the preceding מחזיק , and Berth. considers it a gloss which has come from 1 Kings into our text by mistake. But the expression is only pleonastic: “receiving baths, 3000 it held;” and there is no sufficient reason to strike out the words.
The ten lavers which, according to 1 Kings 7:38, stood upon ten brazen stands, i.e., chests provided with carriage wheels. These stands, the artistic work on which is circumstantially described in 1 Kings 7:27-37, are omitted in the Chronicle, because they are merely subordinate parts of the lavers. The size or capacity of the lavers is not stated, only their position on both sides of the temple porch, and the purpose for which they were designed, “to wash therein, viz., the work of the burnt-offering (the flesh of the burnt-offering which was to be burnt upon the altar) they rinsed therein,” being mentioned. For details, see in 1 Kings 7:38. and the figure in my Archaol . i. plate iii. fig. 4. Occasion is here taken to mention in a supplementary way the use of the brazen sea.
The golden furniture of the holy place and the courts . These three verses are not found in the parallel narrative 1 Kings 7, where in 1 Kings 7:39 the statement as to the position of the brazen sea (2 Chronicles 4:10) follows immediately the statement of the position of the stands with the lavers. The candlesticks and the table of the shew-bread are indeed mentioned in the summary enumeration of the temple furniture, 1 Kings 7:48 and 1 Kings 7:49, as in the corresponding passage of the Chronicle ( 2 Chronicles 4:19, 2 Chronicles 4:20) they again occur; and in 1 Kings 6:36 and 1 Kings 7:12, in the description of the temple building, the inner court is spoken of, but the outer court is not expressly mentioned. No reason can be given for the omission of these verses in 1 Kings 7; but that they have been omitted or have dropped out, may be concluded from the fact that not only do the whole contents of our fourth chapter correspond to the section 1 Kings 7:23-50, but both passages are rounded off by the same concluding verse (2 Chronicles 5:1 and 1 Kings 7:51).
2 Chronicles 4:7
He made ten golden candlesticks כּמשׁפּטם , according to their right, i.e., as they should be according to the prescript, or corresponding to the prescript as to the golden candlesticks in the Mosaic sanctuary (Exodus 25:31.). משׁפּט is the law established by the Mosaic legislation.
2 Chronicles 4:8
Ten golden tables, corresponding to the ten candlesticks, and, like these, placed five on the right and five on the left side of the holy place. The tables were not intended to bear the candlesticks (Berth.), but for the shew-bread; cf. on 2 Chronicles 4:19 and 1 Chronicles 28:16. And a hundred golden basins, not for the catching and sprinkling of the blood (Berth.), but, as their connection with the tables for the shew-bread shows, wine flagons, or sacrificial vessels for wine libations, probably corresponding to the מנקּיּות on the table of shew-bread in the tabernacle (Exodus 25:29). The signification, wine flagons, for מזרקים , is placed beyond a doubt by Amos 6:6.
The two courts are not further described. For the court of the priests, see on 1 Kings 6:36 and 1 Kings 7:12. As to the great or outer court, the only remark made is that it had doors, and its doors, i.e., the folds or leaves of the doors, were overlaid with copper. In 2 Chronicles 4:10 we have a supplementary statement as to the position of the brazen sea, which coincides with 1 Kings 7:39; see on the passage. In 2 Chronicles 4:11 the heavier brazen (copper) utensils, belonging to the altar of burnt-offering, are mentioned: סידות , pots for the removal of the ashes; יעים , shovels, to take the ashes out from the altar; and מזרקות , basins to catch and sprinkle the sacrificial blood. This half verse belongs to the preceding, notwithstanding that Huram is mentioned as the maker. This is clear beyond doubt, from the fact that the same utensils are again introduced in the summary catalogue which follows (2 Chronicles 4:16).
Summary catalogue of the temple utensils and furniture . - 2 Chronicles 4:11-18. The brass work wrought by Huram.
The golden furniture of the holy place and the gilded doors of the temple. This section is found also in 1 Kings 7:40-50. The enumeration of the things wrought in brass coincides to a word, with the exception of trifling linguistic differences and some defects in the text, with 1 Kings 7:40-47. In 2 Chronicles 4:12 והכּתרות הגּלּות is the true reading, and we should so read in 1 Kings 7:41 also, since the גּלּות , circumvolutions, are to be distinguished from the כּתרות , crowns; see on 2 Chronicles 3:16. In 2 Chronicles 4:14 the first עשׂה is a mistake for עשׂר , the second for עשׂרה , 1 Kings 7:43; for the verb עשׂה is not required nor expected, as the accusative depends upon לעשׂות , 2 Chronicles 4:11, while the number cannot be omitted, since it is always given with the other things. In 2 Chronicles 4:16 מזלנות is an orthographic error for מזרקות ; cf. 2 Chronicles 4:11 and 1 Kings 7:44. ואת־כּל־כּליחם is surprising, for there is no meaning in speaking of the utensils of the utensils enumerated in 2 Chronicles 4:12-16 . According to 1 Kings 7:45, we should read האלּה כּל־הכּלים את . As to אביו , see on 2 Chronicles 2:12. מרוּק נחשׁת is accusative of the material, of polished brass; and so also ממרט נח , 1 Kings 7:45, with a similar signification. In reference to the rest, see the commentary on 1 Kings 7:40.
2 Chronicles 4:19-21
In the enumeration of the golden furniture of the holy place, our text diverges somewhat more from 1 Kings 7:48-50. On the difference in respect to the tables of the shew-bread, see on 1 Kings 7:48. In 2 Chronicles 4:20 the number and position of the candlesticks in the holy place are not stated as they are in 1 Kings 7:49, both having been already given in 2 Chronicles 4:7. Instead of that, their use is emphasized: to light them, according to the right, before the most holy place ( כּמּשׁפּט as in 2 Chronicles 4:7). As to the decorations and subordinate utensils of the candlesticks, see on 1 Kings 7:49. To זהב , 2 Chronicles 4:21 (accus. of the material), is added זהב מכלות הוּא , “that is perfect gold.” מכלה , which occurs only here, is synonymous with מכלל , perfection. This addition seems superfluous, because before and afterwards it is remarked of these vessels that they were of precious gold ( סגוּר זהב ), and it is consequently omitted by the lxx, perhaps also because מכלות was not intelligible to them. The words, probably, are meant to indicate that even the decorations and the subordinate utensils of the candlesticks (lamps, snuffers, etc.) were of solid gold, and not merely gilded.
2 Chronicles 4:22
מזמּרות , knives, probably used along with the snuffers for the cleansing and trimming of the candlesticks and lamps, are not met with among the utensils of the tabernacle, but are here mentioned (Chr. and Kings), and in 2 Kings 12:14 and Jeremiah 52:18, among the temple utensils. Along with the מזרקות , sacrificial vessels (see on 2 Chronicles 4:8), in 1 Chronicles 28:17 מזלנות , forks of gold, are also mentioned, which are not elsewhere spoken of. Among the utensils of the tabernacle we find only מזלגות of brass, flesh-forks, as an appurtenance of the altar of burnt-offering (Exodus 27:3; Exodus 38:3; Numbers 4:14; cf. 1 Samuel 2:13.), which, however, cannot be intended here, because all the utensils here enumerated belonged to the holy place. What purpose the golden forks served cannot be determined, but the mention of golden knives might lead us to presuppose that there would be golden forks as well. That the forks are not mentioned in our verse does not render their existence doubtful, for the enumeration is not complete: e.g., the ספּות , 1 Kings 7:50, are also omitted. כּפּות , vessels for the incense, and מחתּות , extinguishers, as in 1 Kings 7:50. Instead of דּלתותיו הבּית וּפּתח הבּית , “and as regards the opening (door) of the house, its door-leaves,” in 1 Kings 7:50 we have הבּית לדלתות והפּתת , “and the hinges of the door-leaves of the house.” This suggests that פתח is only an orthographical error for פּתת ; but then if we take it to be so, we must alter דּלתותיו into לדלתותיו . And, moreover, the expression הבּית פּתת , door-hinges of the house, is strange, as פּות properly denotes a recess or space between, and which renders the above-mentioned conjecture improbable. The author of the Chronicle seems rather himself to have generalized the expression, and emphasizes merely the fact that even the leaves of the doors in the most holy place and on the holy place were of gold; - of course not of solid gold; but they were, as we learn from 2 Chronicles 3:7, overlaid with gold. This interpretation is favoured by the simple זהב being used without the predicate סגוּר . To the sing. פּתח no objection can be made, for the word in its fundamental signification, “opening,” may easily be taken collectively.