Hebrews 5:1-14 King James Version (KJV)

¹ For every high priest taken from among men is ordained for men in things pertaining to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins:

² Who can have compassion on the ignorant, and on them that are out of the way; for that he himself also is compassed with infirmity.

³ And by reason hereof he ought, as for the people, so also for himself, to offer for sins.

⁴ And no man taketh this honour unto himself, but he that is called of God, as was Aaron.

⁵ So also Christ glorified not himself to be made an high priest; but he that said unto him, Thou art my Son, to day have I begotten thee.

⁶ As he saith also in another place, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec.

⁷ Who in the days of his flesh, when he had offered up prayers and supplications with strong crying and tears unto him that was able to save him from death, and was heard in that he feared;

⁸ Though he were a Son, yet learned he obedience by the things which he suffered;

⁹ And being made perfect, he became the author of eternal salvation unto all them that obey him;

¹⁰ Called of God an high priest after the order of Melchisedec.

¹¹ Of whom we have many things to say, and hard to be uttered, seeing ye are dull of hearing.

¹² For when for the time ye ought to be teachers, ye have need that one teach you again which be the first principles of the oracles of God; and are become such as have need of milk, and not of strong meat.

¹³ For every one that useth milk is unskilful in the word of righteousness: for he is a babe.

¹⁴ But strong meat belongeth to them that are of full age, even those who by reason of use have their senses exercised to discern both good and evil.

Hebrews 5:1-14 King James Version with Strong's Concordance (STRONG)

¹ For ^G1063 every ^G3956 high priest ^G749 taken ^G2983 from among ^G1537 men ^G444 is ordained ^G2525 for ^G5228 men ^G444 in things pertaining to ^G4314 God, ^G2316 that ^G2443 he may offer ^G4374 both ^G5037 gifts ^G1435 and ^G2532 sacrifices ^G2378 for ^G5228 sins: ^G266

² Who can ^G1410 have compassion ^G3356 on the ignorant, ^G50 and ^G2532 on them that are out of the way; ^G4105 for ^G1893 that he ^G4029 himself ^G846 also ^G2532 is compassed ^G4029 with infirmity. ^G769

³ And ^G2532 by reason ^G1223 hereof ^G5026 he ought, ^G3784 as ^G2531 for ^G4012 the people, ^G2992 so ^G3779 also ^G2532 for ^G4012 himself, ^G1438 to offer ^G4374 for ^G5228 sins. ^G266

⁴ And ^G2532 no ^G3756 man ^G5100 taketh ^G2983 this honour ^G5092 unto himself, ^G1438 but ^G235 he that is called ^G2564 of ^G5259 God, ^G2316 as ^G2509 ^G2532 was Aaron. ^G2

⁵ So ^G3779 also ^G2532 Christ ^G5547 glorified ^G1392 not ^G3756 himself ^G1438 to be made ^G1096 an high priest; ^G749 but ^G235 he that said ^G2980 unto ^G4314 him, ^G846 Thou ^G4771 art ^G1488 my ^G3450 Son, ^G5207 to day ^G4594 have ^G1080 I ^G1473 begotten ^G1080 thee. ^G4571

⁶ As ^G2531 he saith ^G3004 also ^G2532 in ^G1722 another ^G2087 place, Thou ^G4771 art a priest ^G2409 for ^G1519 ever ^G165 after ^G2596 the order ^G5010 of Melchisedec. ^G3198

⁷ Who ^G3739 in ^G1722 the days ^G2250 of his ^G846 flesh, ^G4561 when he had offered up ^G4374 prayers ^G1162 and ^G5037 ^G2532 supplications ^G2428 with ^G3326 strong ^G2478 crying ^G2906 and ^G2532 tears ^G1144 unto ^G4314 him that was able ^G1410 to save ^G4982 him ^G846 from ^G1537 death, ^G2288 and ^G2532 was heard ^G1522 in that ^G575 he feared; ^G2124

⁸ Though ^G2539 he were ^G5607 a Son, ^G5207 yet learned he ^G3129 obedience ^G5218 by ^G575 the things which ^G3739 he suffered; ^G3958

⁹ And ^G2532 being made perfect, ^G5048 he became ^G1096 the author ^G159 of eternal ^G166 salvation ^G4991 unto all ^G3956 them that obey ^G5219 him; ^G846

¹⁰ Called ^G4316 of ^G5259 God ^G2316 an high priest ^G749 after ^G2596 the order ^G5010 of Melchisedec. ^G3198

¹¹ Of ^G4012 whom ^G3739 we ^G2254 have ^G3056 many things ^G4183 to say, ^G3056 and ^G2532 hard ^G1421 to be uttered, ^G3004 seeing ^G1893 ye are ^G1096 dull ^G3576 of hearing. ^G189

¹² For ^G2532 ^G1063 when for ^G1223 the time ^G5550 ye ought ^G3784 to be ^G1511 teachers, ^G1320 ye have ^G2192 need ^G5532 that one teach ^G1321 you ^G5209 again ^G3825 which ^G5101 be the first ^G746 principles ^G4747 of the oracles ^G3051 of God; ^G2316 and ^G2532 are become such as ^G1096 have ^G2192 need ^G5532 of milk, ^G1051 and ^G2532 not ^G3756 of strong ^G4731 meat. ^G5160

¹³ For ^G1063 every one ^G3956 that useth ^G3348 milk ^G1051 is unskilful ^G552 in the word ^G3056 of righteousness: ^G1343 for ^G1063 he is ^G2076 a babe. ^G3516

¹⁴ But ^G1161 strong ^G4731 meat ^G5160 belongeth to them that are ^G2076 of full age, ^G5046 even those who by reason ^G1223 of use ^G1838 have ^G2192 their senses ^G145 exercised ^G1128 to ^G4314 discern ^G1253 both ^G5037 good ^G2570 and ^G2532 evil. ^G2556

Hebrews 5:1-14 American Standard (ASV)

¹ For every high priest, being taken from among men, is appointed for men in things pertaining to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins:

² who can bear gently with the ignorant and erring, for that he himself also is compassed with infirmity;

³ and by reason thereof is bound, as for the people, so also for himself, to offer for sins.

⁴ And no man taketh the honor unto himself, but when he is called of God, even as was Aaron.

⁵ So Christ also glorified not himself to be made a high priest, but he that spake unto him, Thou art my Son, This day have I begotten thee:

⁶ as he saith also in another `place,' Thou art a priest for ever After the order of Melchizedek.

⁷ Who in the days of his flesh, having offered up prayers and supplications with strong crying and tears unto him that was able to save him from death, and having been heard for his godly fear,

⁸ though he was a Son, yet learned obedience by the things which he suffered;

⁹ and having been made perfect, he became unto all them that obey him the author of eternal salvation;

¹⁰ named of God a high priest after the order of Melchizedek.

¹¹ Of whom we have many things to say, and hard of interpretation, seeing ye are become dull of hearing.

¹² For when by reason of the time ye ought to be teachers, ye have need again that some one teach you the rudiments of the first principles of the oracles of God; and are become such as have need of milk, and not of solid food.

¹³ For every one that partaketh of milk is without experience of the word of righteousness; for he is a babe.

¹⁴ But solid food is for fullgrown men, `even' those who by reason of use have their senses exercised to discern good and evil.

Hebrews 5:1-14 Young's Literal Translation (YLT)

¹ For every chief priest -- out of men taken -- in behalf of men is set in things `pertaining' to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins,

² able to be gentle to those ignorant and going astray, since himself also is compassed with infirmity;

³ and because of this infirmity he ought, as for the people, so also for himself to offer for sins;

⁴ and no one to himself doth take the honour, but he who is called by God, as also Aaron:

⁵ so also the Christ did not glorify himself to become chief priest, but He who spake unto him: `My Son thou art, I to-day have begotten thee;'

⁶ as also in another `place' He saith, `Thou `art' a priest -- to the age, according to the order of Melchisedek;'

⁷ who in the days of his flesh both prayers and supplications unto Him who was able to save him from death -- with strong crying and tears -- having offered up, and having been heard in respect to that which he feared,

⁸ through being a Son, did learn by the things which he suffered -- the obedience,

⁹ and having been made perfect, he did become to all those obeying him a cause of salvation age-during,

¹⁰ having been addressed by God a chief priest, according to the order of Melchisedek,

¹¹ concerning whom we have much discourse and of hard explanation to say, since ye have become dull of hearing,

¹² for even owing to be teachers, because of the time, again ye have need that one teach you what `are' the elements of the beginning of the oracles of God, and ye have become having need of milk, and not of strong food,

¹³ for every one who is partaking of milk `is' unskilled in the word of righteousness -- for he is an infant,

¹⁴ and of perfect men is the strong food, who because of the use are having the senses exercised, unto the discernment both of good and of evil.

Hebrews 5:1-14 Darby English Bible (DARBY)

¹ For every high priest taken from amongst men is established for men in things relating to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins;

² being able to exercise forbearance towards the ignorant and erring, since he himself also is clothed with infirmity;

³ and, on account of this [infirmity], he ought, even as for the people, so also for himself, to offer for sins.

⁴ And no one takes the honour to himself but [as] called by God, even as Aaron also.

⁵ Thus the Christ also has not glorified himself to be made a high priest; but he who had said to him, *Thou* art my Son, *I* have to-day begotten thee.

⁶ Even as also in another [place] he says, *Thou* [art] a priest for ever according to the order of Melchisedec.

⁷ Who in the days of his flesh, having offered up both supplications and entreaties to him who was able to save him out of death, with strong crying and tears; (and having been heard because of his piety;)

⁸ though he were Son, he learned obedience from the things which he suffered;

⁹ and having been perfected, became to all them that obey him, author of eternal salvation;

¹⁰ addressed by God [as] high priest according to the order of Melchisedec.

¹¹ Concerning whom we have much to say, and hard to be interpreted in speaking [of it], since ye are become dull in hearing.

¹² For when for the time ye ought to be teachers, ye have again need that [one] should teach you what [are] the elements of the beginning of the oracles of God, and are become such as have need of milk, [and] not of solid food.

¹³ For every one that partakes of milk [is] unskilled in the word of righteousness, for he is a babe;

¹⁴ but solid food belongs to full-grown men, who, on account of habit, have their senses exercised for distinguishing both good and evil.

Hebrews 5:1-14 World English Bible (WEB)

¹ For every high priest, being taken from among men, is appointed for men in things pertaining to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins.

² The high priest can deal gently with those who are ignorant and going astray, because he himself is also surrounded with weakness.

³ Because of this, he must offer sacrifices for sins for the people, as well as for himself.

⁴ Nobody takes this honor on himself, but he is called by God, just like Aaron was.

⁵ So also Christ didn't glorify himself to be made a high priest, but it was he who said to him, "You are my Son. Today I have become your father."

⁶ As he says also in another place, "You are a priest forever, After the order of Melchizedek."

⁷ He, in the days of his flesh, having offered up prayers and petitions with strong crying and tears to him who was able to save him from death, and having been heard for his godly fear,

⁸ though he was a Son, yet learned obedience by the things which he suffered.

⁹ Having been made perfect, he became to all of those who obey him the author of eternal salvation,

¹⁰ named by God a high priest after the order of Melchizedek.

¹¹ About him we have many words to say, and hard to interpret, seeing you have become dull of hearing.

¹² For when by reason of the time you ought to be teachers, you again need to have someone teach you the rudiments of the first principles of the oracles of God. You have come to need milk, and not solid food.

¹³ For everyone who lives on milk is not experienced in the word of righteousness, for he is a baby.

¹⁴ But solid food is for those who are full grown, who by reason of use have their senses exercised to discern good and evil.

Hebrews 5:1-14 Bible in Basic English (BBE)

¹ Every high priest who is taken from among men is given his position to take care of the interests of men in those things which have to do with God, so that he may make offerings for sins.

² He is able to have feeling for those who have no knowledge and for those who are wandering from the true way, because he himself is feeble;

³ And being feeble, he has to make sin-offerings for himself as well as for the people.

⁴ And no man who is not given authority by God, as Aaron was, takes this honour for himself.

⁵ In the same way Christ did not take for himself the glory of being made a high priest, but was given it by him who said, You are my Son, this day I have given you being:

⁶ As he says in another place, You are a priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek.

⁷ Who in the days of his flesh, having sent up prayers and requests with strong crying and weeping to him who was able to give him salvation from death, had his prayer answered because of his fear of God.

⁸ And though he was a Son, through the pain which he underwent, the knowledge came to him of what it was to be under God's orders;

⁹ And when he had been made complete, he became the giver of eternal salvation to all those who are under his orders;

¹⁰ Being named by God a high priest of the order of Melchizedek.

¹¹ Of whom we have much to say which it is hard to make clear, because you are slow of hearing.

¹² And though by this time it would be right for you to be teachers, you still have need of someone to give you teaching about the first simple rules of God's revelation; you have become like babies who have need of milk, and not of solid food.

¹³ For everyone who takes milk is without experience of the word of righteousness: he is a child.

¹⁴ But solid food is for men of full growth, even for those whose senses are trained by use to see what is good and what is evil.

Commentary on Hebrews 5 Matthew Henry Commentary

John Gill Robert Jamieson: Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible

Chapter 5

In this chapter the apostle continues his discourse upon the priesthood of Christ, a sweet subject, which he would not too soon dismiss. And here,

I. He explains the nature of the priestly office in general (v. 1-3).
II. The proper and regular call there must be to this office (v. 4-6).
III. The requisite qualifications for the work (v. 7-9).
IV. The peculiar order of the priesthood of Christ; it was not after the order of Aaron, but of Melchisedec (v. 6, 7, 10).
V. He reproves the Hebrews, that they had not made those improvements in knowledge which might have made them capable of looking into the more abstruse and mysterious parts of scripture (v. 11-14).

Hbr 5:1-9

We have here an account of the nature of the priestly office in general, though with an accommodation to the Lord Jesus Christ. We are told,

I. Of what kind of beings the high priest must be. He must be taken from among men; he must be a man, one of ourselves, bone of our bones, flesh of our flesh, and spirit of our spirits, a partaker of our nature, and a standard-bearer among ten thousand. This implies,
- 1. That man had sinned.
- 2. That God would not admit sinful man to come to him immediately and alone, without a high priest, who must be taken from among men.
- 3. That God was pleased to take one from among men, by whom they might approach God in hope, and he might receive them with honour.
- 4. That every one shall now be welcome to God that comes to him by this his priest.
II. For whom every high priest is ordained: For men in things pertaining to God, for the glory of God and the good of men, that he might come between God and man. So Christ did; and therefore let us never attempt to go to God but through Christ, nor expect any favour from God but through Christ.
III. For what purpose every high priest was ordained: That he might offer both gifts and sacrifices for sin.
- 1. That he might offer gifts or free-will offerings, brought to the high priest, so offered for the glory of God, and as an acknowledgment that our all is of him and from him; we have nothing but what he is pleased to give us, and of his own we offer to him an oblation of acknowledgment. This intimates,
  - (1.) That all we bring to God must be free and not forced; it must be a gift; it must be given and not taken away again.
  - (2.) That all we bring to God must go through the high priest's hands, as the great agent between God and man.
- 2. That he might offer sacrifices for sin; that is, the offerings that were appointed to make atonement, that sin might be pardoned and sinners accepted. Thus Christ is constituted a high priest for both these ends. Our good deeds must be presented by Christ, to render ourselves and them acceptable; and our evil deeds must be expiated by the sacrifice of himself, that they may not condemn and destroy us. And now, as we value acceptance with God and pardon, we must apply ourselves by faith to this our great high priest.
IV. How this high priest must be qualified, v. 2.
- 1. He must be one that can have compassion on two sorts of persons:-
  - (1.) On the ignorant, or those that are guilty of sins of ignorance. He must be one who can find in his heart to pity them, and intercede with God for them, one that is willing to instruct those that are dull of understanding.
  - (2.) On those that are out of the way, out of the way of truth, duty, and happiness; and he must be one who has tenderness enough to lead them back from the by-paths of error, sin, and misery, into the right way: this will require great patience and compassion, even the compassion of a God.
- 2. He must also be compassed with infirmity; and so be able from himself feelingly to consider our frame, and to sympathize with us. Thus Christ was qualified. He took upon him our sinless infirmities; and this gives us great encouragement to apply ourselves to him under every affliction; for in all the afflictions of his people he is afflicted.
V. How the high priest was to be called of God. He must have both an internal and external call to his office: For no man taketh this honour to himself (v. 4), that is, no man ought to do it, no man can do it legally; if any does it, he must be reckoned a usurper, and treated accordingly. Here observe,
- 1. The office of the priesthood was a very great honour. To be employed to stand between God and man, one while representing God and his will to men, at another time representing man and his case to God, and dealing between them about matters of the highest importance-entrusted on both sides with the honour of God and the happiness of man-must render the office very honourable.
- 2. The priesthood is an office and honour that no man ought to take to himself; if he does, he can expect no success in it, nor any reward for it, only from himself. He is an intruder who is not called of God, as was Aaron. Observe,
  - (1.) God is the fountain of all honour, especially true spiritual honour. He is the fountain of true authority, whether he calls any to the priesthood in an extraordinary way, as he did Aaron, or in an ordinary way, as he called his successors.
  - (2.) Those only can expect assistance from God, and acceptance with him, and his presence and blessing on them and their administrations, that are called of God; others may expect a blast instead of a blessing.
VI. How this is brought home and applied to Christ: So Christ glorified not himself, v. 5. Observe here, Though Christ reckoned it his glory to be made a high priest, yet he would not assume that glory to himself. He could truly say, I seek not my own glory, Jn. 8:50. Considered as God, he was not capable of any additional glory, but as man and Mediator he did not run without being sent; and, if he did not, surely others should be afraid to do it.
VII. The apostle prefers Christ before Aaron, both in the manner of his call and in the holiness of his person.
- 1. In the manner of his call, in which God said unto him, Thou art my Son, this day have I begotten thee (quoted from Ps. 2:7), referring to his eternal generation as God, his wonderful conception as man, and his perfect qualification as Mediator. Thus God solemnly declared his dear affection to Christ, his authoritative appointment of him to the office of a Mediator, his installment and approbation of him in that office, his acceptance of him, and of all he had done or should do in the discharge of it. Now God never said thus to Aaron. Another expression that God used in the call of Christ we have in Ps. 110:4, Thou art a priest for ever, after the order of Melchisedec, v. 6. God the Father appointed him a priest of a higher order than that of Aaron. The priesthood of Aaron was to be but temporary; the priesthood of Christ was to be perpetual: the priesthood of Aaron was to be successive, descending from the fathers to the children; the priesthood of Christ, after the order of Melchisedec, was to be personal, and the high priest immortal as to his office, without descent, having neither beginning of days nor end of life, as it is more largely described in the seventh chapter, and will be opened there.
- 2. Christ is here preferred to Aaron in the holiness of his person. Other priests were to offer up sacrifices, as for the sins of others, so for themselves, v. 3. But Christ needed not to offer for sins for himself, for he had done no violence, neither was there any deceit in his mouth, Isa. 53:9. And such a high priest became us.
VIII. We have an account of Christ's discharge of this his office, and of the consequences of that discharge, v. 7-9.
- 1. The discharge of his office of the priesthood (v. 7): Who in the days of his flesh, when he had offered up prayers and supplications, etc. Here observe,
  - (1.) He took to him flesh, and for some days tabernacled therein; he became a mortal man, and reckoned his life by days, herein setting us an example how we should reckon ours. Were we to reckon our lives by days, it would be a means to quicken us to do the work of every day in its day.
  - (2.) Christ, in the days of his flesh, subjected himself to death; he hungered, he was a tempted, bleeding, dying Jesus! His body is now in heaven, but it is a spiritual glorious body.
  - (3.) God the Father was able to save him from death. He could have prevented his dying, but he would not; for then the great design of his wisdom and grace must have been defeated. What would have become of us if God had saved Christ from dying? The Jews reproachfully said, Let him deliver him now, if he will have him, Mt. 27:43. But it was in kindness to us that the Father would not suffer that bitter cup to pass away from him; for then we must have drunk the dregs of it, and been miserable for ever.
  - (4.) Christ, in the days of his flesh, offered up prayers and supplications to his Father, as an earnest of his intercession in heaven. A great many instances we have of Christ's praying. This refers to his prayer in his agony (Mt. 26:39, and ch. 27:46), and to that before his agony (Jn. 17) which he put up for his disciples, and all who should believe on his name.
  - (5.) The prayers and supplications that Christ offered up were joined with strong cries and tears, herein setting us an example not only to pray, but to be fervent and importunate in prayer. How many dry prayers, how few wet ones, do we offer up to God!
  - (6.) Christ was heard in that he feared. How? Why he was answered by present supports in and under his agonies, and in being carried well through death, and delivered from it by a glorious resurrection: He was heard in that he feared. He had an awful sense of the wrath of God, of the weight of sin. His human nature was ready to sink under the heavy load, and would have sunk, had he been quite forsaken in point of help and comfort from God; but he was heard in this, he was supported under the agonies of death. He was carried through death; and there is no real deliverance from death but to be carried well through it. We may have many recoveries from sickness, but we are never saved from death till we are carried well through it. And those that are thus saved from death will be fully delivered at last by a glorious resurrection, of which the resurrection of Christ was the earnest and first-fruits.
- 2. The consequences of this discharge of his office, v. 8, 9, etc.
  - (1.) By these his sufferings he learned obedience, though he was a Son, v. 8. Here observe,
    - [1.] The privilege of Christ: He was a Son; the only-begotten of the Father. One would have thought this might have exempted him from suffering, but it did not. Let none then who are the children of God by adoption expect an absolute freedom from suffering. What Son is he whom the Father chasteneth not?
    - [2.] Christ made improvement by his sufferings. By his passive obedience, he learned active obedience; that is, he practiced that great lesson, and made it appear that he was well and perfectly learned in it; though he never was disobedient, yet he never performed such an act of obedience as when he became obedient to death, even to the death of the cross. Here he has left us an example, that we should learn by all our afflictions a humble obedience to the will of God. We need affliction, to teach us submission.
  - (2.) By these his sufferings he was made perfect, and became the author of eternal salvation to all who obey him, v. 9.
    - [1.] Christ by his sufferings was consecrated to his office, consecrated by his own blood.
    - [2.] By his sufferings he consummated that part of his office which was to be performed on earth, making reconciliation for iniquity; and in this sense he is said to be made perfect, a perfect propitiation.
    - [3.] Hereby he has become the author of eternal salvation to men; he has by his sufferings purchased a full deliverance from sin and misery, and a full fruition of holiness and happiness for his people. Of this salvation he has given notice in the gospel; he has made a tender of it in the new covenant, and has sent the Spirit to enable men to accept this salvation.
    - [4.] This salvation is actually bestowed on none but those who obey Christ. It is not sufficient that we have some doctrinal knowledge of Christ, or that we make a profession of faith in him, but we must hearken to his word, and obey him. He is exalted to be a prince to rule us, as well as a Saviour to deliver us; and he will be a Saviour to none but to those whom he is a prince, and who are willing that he should reign over them; the rest he will account his enemies, and treat them accordingly. But to those who obey him, devoting themselves to him, denying themselves, and taking up their cross, and following him, he will be the author, aitios-the grand cause of their salvation, and they shall own him as such for ever.

Hbr 5:10-14

Here the apostle returns to what he had in v. 6 cited out of Ps. 110, concerning the peculiar order of the priesthood of Christ, that is, the order of Melchisedec. And here,

I. He declares he had many things which he could say to them concerning this mysterious person called Melchisedec, whose priesthood was eternal, and therefore the salvation procured thereby should be eternal also. We have a more particular account of this Melchisedec in ch. 7. Some think the things which the apostle means, that were hard to be uttered, were not so much concerning Melchisedec himself as concerning Christ, of whom Melchisedec was the type. And doubtless this apostle had many things to say concerning Christ that were very mysterious, hard to be uttered; there are great mysteries in the person and offices of the Redeemer; Christianity is the great mystery of godliness.
II. He assigns the reason why he did not say all those things concerning Christ, our Melchisedec, that he had to say, and what it was that made it so difficult for him to utter them, namely, the dulness of the Hebrews to whom he wrote: You are dull of hearing. There is a difficulty in the things themselves, and there may be a weakness in the ministers of the gospel to speak clearly about these things; but generally the fault is in the hearers. Dull hearers make the preaching of the gospel a difficult thing, and even many who have some faith are but dull hearers, dull of understanding and slow to believe; the understanding is weak, and does not apprehend these spiritual things; the memory is weak, and does not retain them.
III. He insists upon the faultiness of this infirmity of theirs. It was not a mere natural infirmity, but it was a sinful infirmity, and more in them than others, by reason of the singular advantages they had enjoyed for improving in the knowledge of Christ: For when, for the time, you ought to be teachers, you have need that one teach you again which are the first principles of the oracles of God, v. 12. Here observe,
- 1. What proficiency might have been reasonably expected from these Hebrews-that they might have been so well instructed in the doctrine of the gospel as to have been teachers of others. Hence learn,
  - (1.) God takes notice of the time and helps we have for gaining scripture-knowledge.
  - (2.) From those to whom much is given much is expected.
  - (3.) Those who have a good understanding in the gospel should be teachers of other, if not in a public, yet in a private station.
  - (4.) None should take upon them to be teachers of others, but those who have made a good improvement in spiritual knowledge themselves.
- 2. Observe the sad disappointment of those just expectations: You have need that one should teach you again, etc. Here note,
  - (1.) In the oracles of God there are some first principles, plain to be understood and necessary to be learned.
  - (2.) There are also deep and sublime mysteries, which those should search into who have learned the first principles, that so they may stand complete in the whole will of God.
  - (3.) Some persons, instead of going forward in Christian knowledge, forget the very first principles that they had learned long ago; and indeed those that are not improving under the means of grace will be losing.
  - (4.) It is a sin and shame for persons that are men for their age and standing in the church to be children and babes in understanding.
IV. The apostle shows how the various doctrines of the gospel must be dispensed to different persons. There are in the church babes and persons of full age (v. 12-14), and there are in the gospel milk and strong meat. Observe,
- 1. Those that are babes, unskillful in the word of righteousness, must be fed with milk; they must be entertained with the plainest truths, and these delivered in the plainest manner; there must be line upon line, precept upon precept, here a little, and there a little, Isa. 28:10. Christ despises not his babes; he has provided suitable food for them. It is good to be babes in Christ, but not always to continue in that childish state; we should endeavor to pass the infant state; we should always remain in malice children, but in understanding we should grow up to a manly maturity.
- 2. There is strong meat for those that are of full age, v. 14. The deeper mysteries of religion belong to those that are of a higher class in the school of Christ, who have learned the first principles and well improved them; so that by reason of use they have their senses exercised to discern both good and evil, duty and sin, truth and error. Observe,
  - (1.) There have been always in the Christian state children, young men, and fathers.
  - (2.) Every true Christian, having received a principle of spiritual life from God, stands in need of nourishment to preserve that life.
  - (3.) The word of God is food and nourishment to the life of grace: As new-born babes desire the sincere milk of the word that you may grow thereby.
  - (4.) It is the wisdom of ministers rightly to divide the word of truth, and to give to every one his portion-milk to babes, and strong meat to those of full age.
  - (5.) There are spiritual senses as well as those that are natural. There is a spiritual eye, a spiritual appetite, a spiritual taste; the soul has its sensations as well as the body; these are much depraved and lost by sin, but they are recovered by grace.
  - (6.) It is by use and exercise that these senses are improved, made more quick and strong to taste the sweetness of what is good and true, and the bitterness of what is false and evil. Not only reason and faith, but spiritual sense, will teach men to distinguish between what is pleasing and what is provoking to God, between what is helpful and what is hurtful to our own souls.

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